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Fernanda Alves Cangerana Pereira, PhD
Antônio Pedro Mirra, PhD
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD
João Vicente De Assunção, PhD

Objetivos: Verificar el papel de los riesgos ambientales en el proceso de desarrollo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) en la infancia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura científica con el fin de evaluar el papel de los factores de riesgo ambientales en el desarrollo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Resultados: El papel del medio ambiente en el desarrollo de la lla en niños es desconocida. La teoría de dos etapas propuesta por Greaves, en 1988 es la hipótesis más aceptable. Un primer evento se produce en el útero o cerca del momento del nacimiento; esta mutación induce el desarrollo de clones pre-leucemia. Otro acontecimiento, suceso en la infancia temprana, se desarrollaría este primer clon de pre-leucemia en leucemia clínica. Con base en los eventos ambientales relacionados con otros tipos de leucemia y en otros estudios, algunos factores de riesgo se han propuesto como la inducción de las mutaciones que conducen a lla. Radiación (ionizante o no), agentes infecciosos, y productos químicos se cree que son los responsables de la enfermedad. En las últimas décadas, muchos autores intentaron encontrado una asociación entre estos factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de la LLA infantil. Sin embargo los resultados no fueron concluyentes e incluso contradictorias. La radiación ionizante es el único demostrado desempeñar un papel en el desarrollo de la leucemia. Conclusión: Como la leucemia es una enfermedad que afecta a los niños, los costos de esta patología son altos cuando se habla de dinero gastar para el diagnóstico y tratamiento y cuando se piensa en la carga social y psicológico. Teniendo en cuenta la teoría propuesta por Greaves, hay por lo menos dos momentos cuando el paciente debe evitar la exposición que conduce a la leucemia. Por lo tanto, es muy importante encontrar el factor de riesgo real, o factores, que están involucrados en el proceso. 

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Cangerana Pereira, PhD, F. A., Mirra, PhD, A. P., Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, M. do R., & De Assunção, PhD J. V. (2017). Factores de riesgo ambientales y leucemia linfoblástica aguda en la infancia. Revista Ciencias De La Salud, 15(1), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5386

Fernanda Alves Cangerana Pereira, PhD, College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health-School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health-School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Antônio Pedro Mirra, PhD, Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

João Vicente De Assunção, PhD, Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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