Fatores de risco ambientais e leucemia linfoblástica aguda na infância

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5386

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Publicado: jan. 31, 2017
Edição: v. 15 n. 1 (2017): Ciencias de la Salud
Seção Artículo de revisión


Palavras-chave: Leucemia fatores ambientais infância

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Autores

Fernanda Alves Cangerana Pereira, PhD
College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Antônio Pedro Mirra, PhD
Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD
Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
João Vicente De Assunção, PhD
Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo

Objetivos: Para veri car o papel dos riscos ambientais no processo de desenvolvimento da leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) na infância. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma busca na literatura científica com o fim de avaliar o papel dos fatores de risco ambientais no desenvolvimento da leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Resultados: O papel do meio ambiente no desenvolvimento da LLA em crianças é desconhecido. A teoria de duas etapas proposto por Greaves, em 1988 é a hipótese mais aceitável. Um primeiro evento se produz “no útero” ou perto do momento do nascimento; esta mutação induz o desenvolvimento de clones pré-leucemia. Outro acontecimento, sucedido na infância precoce, se desenvolveria este primeiro clone de pré-leucemia em leucemia clínica. Com base nos eventos ambientais relacionados com outros tipos de leucemia e em outros estudos, alguns fatores de risco se têm proposto como a indução das mutações que conduzem a LLA infantil. Radiação (ionizante ou não), agentes infecciosos, e produtos químicos acredita-se que são responsáveis da doença. Nas últimas décadas, muitos autores tentaram encontrar uma associação entre estes fatores de risco e o desenvolvimento da LLA infantil. No entanto, os resultados não foram concludentes e inclusive contraditórios. A radiação ionizante é o único demonstrado desempenhar um papel no desenvolvimento da leucemia. Conclusão: Como a leucemia é uma doença que afeta às crianças, os custos desta patologia são altos quando se fala de dinheiro gasto para o diagnóstico e tratamento, e quando se pensa na carga social e psicológica. Tendo em conta a teoria proposta por Greaves, há pelo menos dois momentos quando o paciente deve evitar a exposição que conduz à leucemia. Pelo tanto, é muito importante encontrar o fator de risco real, ou fatores, que estão envolvidos no processo. 

Biografia do Autor

Fernanda Alves Cangerana Pereira, PhD, College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Antônio Pedro Mirra, PhD, Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

João Vicente De Assunção, PhD, Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Como Citar
Cangerana Pereira, PhD, F. A., Mirra, PhD, A. P., Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, M. do R., & De Assunção, PhD J. V. (2017). Fatores de risco ambientais e leucemia linfoblástica aguda na infância. Revista Ciencias De La Salud, 15(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5386
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