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La calidad del apego establecido con los pares en la adolescencia ha sido referenciada en la literatura como un factor protector en relación con la participación en comportamientos de violencia escolar. La presencia de una asociación entre el apego a los pares y el desarrollo de la autoestima podrá ejercer un efecto significativo como factor protector frente al bullying en la fase de la adolescencia. El presente estudio probó el efecto predictor del apego a los pares en los diversos comportamientos de bullying, así como el papel mediador de la autoestima en la asociación anterior. La muestra fue constituida por 351 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. El recurso a un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales permitió obtener resultados que apuntan a la existencia de un efecto predictivo del apego a los pares en los comportamientos de agresión y victimización. Se verificó la existencia de una mediación total negativa en la asociación entre el apego a los pares y la victimización, en particular en la agresión física. Se constató también una mediación parcial negativa de la autoestima en la asociación entre el apego a los pares y comportamientos de victimización relativos a la exclusión social y a la agresión verbal.
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