Procesos psicológicos en la aceptación de noticias falsas sobre el Covid-19: una revisión de alcance

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.13724
Título de la obra: Stop the World I want to Get off 1 Autora: Leda Almar

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Publicado: may. 16, 2025
Número: Vol. 42 Núm. 3 (2024): Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana 42(3)
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Palabras clave: procesos psicológicos aceptación de fake news Covid-19 ciberpsicología

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Autores/as

  Cristian Mora-Micán
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario
  Laura Rojas-Gaitán
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario
  María Margarita Villota-Benítez
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario
  Luisa Ramírez
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario

Resumen

La pandemia de Covid-19 desafió al mundo de varias maneras que exigieron esfuerzos globales de adaptación y respuesta para minimizar su impacto. La amenaza existencial planteada por la pandemia, el aumento global de la dependencia de la gente a las redes sociales y la necesidad desesperada de información, crearon un escenario de proliferación de noticias falsas. Este artículo pretende contribuir a la comprensión de los procesos psicológicos implicados en la propagación de noticias falsas. La metodología fue una revisión de literatura empírica de alcance según lineamientos PRISMA sobre los procesos psicológicos relacionados con la aceptación de noticias falsas sobre Covid-19. Se buscaron artículos en cinco bases de datos publicados entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021 en inglés y español. Esto condujo a la identificación de 223 estudios, que después de las comprobaciones de elegibilidad resultaron en 18 artículos. Nuestros resultados mostraron que: a) no está clara la relación entre la consistencia de las teorías conspirativas, las creencias de Covid-19 y la aceptación de las fake news, b) existen evidencias de que emociones como la ira y el miedo predicen parcialmente las conductas de compartir información, c) los estilos cognitivos intuitivos están asociados con una mayor aceptación de las noticias falsas, y d) no es clara la relación entre la orientación política y el respaldo a las fake news, Discutimos las implicaciones de nuestros hallazgos y destacamos la necesidad urgente de investigar sobre este aspecto cada vez más problemático de la comunicación humana.

Cómo citar
Mora-Micán, C., Rojas Gaitan, L., Villota, M., & Ramírez, L. (2025). Procesos psicológicos en la aceptación de noticias falsas sobre el Covid-19: una revisión de alcance. Avances En Psicología Latinoamericana , 42(3). https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.13724
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