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Este artigo propõe uma abordagem empírica da ética derivada da teoria psicológica do julgamento humano proposta por Norman Anderson. Mostra como a metodología dessa teoria —denominada medição funcional— pode ser utilizada para caracterizar as diversas posições pessoais que existem em todas as sociedades em relação aos problemas de saúde pública. Os principais resultados de três estudos, realizados em três países diferentes (Guiné, França e Colômbia), são apresentados como uma ilustração do que esta abordagem pode contribuir. Esses estudos se concentraram em três problemas deliberadamente muito diferentes: (a) o deber de cuidar de pacientes infectados no caso de uma epidemia que ponha em risco a vida dos cuidadores, (b) a aceitabilidade da reprodução postmortem no caso de soldados que morrem em combate, e (c) a aceitabilidade do suicidio assistido por médicos.

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