Predictores de satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios del estado de Bahía, Brasil
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
La satisfacción con la vida es un constructo psicológico que hace referencia a la valoración global del individuo en relación a su vida. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si factores individuales (género y edad), socioeconómicos (clase social), autopercepción (nivel de estrés, estado de salud y calidad del sueño) y calidad de vida percibida en la universidad (oportunidad y motivación para el aprendizaje, ambiente social para el aprendizaje, ambiente físico y equipamiento para el aprendizaje, autoevaluación de conocimientos y pertinencia de la universidad) predicen la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios de instituciones públicas del Estado de Bahía, Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1.506 estudiantes universitarios de cursos de graduación presenciales en Universidades Federales (UF) en el Estado de Bahía, 537 hombres (35.7 %), 968 mujeres (64.3 %) y uno que no identificó su género, edad entre 18 y 24 años (63.5 %) y sin pareja (86.0 %). Los resultados indicaron que el modelo que mejor predijo la satisfacción con la vida fue el que incluyó la clase social, el nivel de estrés, el estado de salud, la calidad del sueño, el grado de motivación, la disposición a asistir a las clases de su curso, la relación con los demás compañeros y la oportunidad de participar en actividades de docencia, extensión e investigación. Estas variables explicaron aproximadamente el 27.5 % de la varianza en la satisfacción con la vida, una capacidad explicativa razonable, si consideramos que la satisfacción con la vida es un constructo psicológico, complejo y multideterminado.
Descargas
Algren, M. H., Ekholm, O., Nielsen, L., Ersbøll, A. K., Bak, C. K., & Andersen, P. T. (2018). Associations between perceived stress, socioeconomic status, and health-risk behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods in Denmark: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 18(250), Artigo 250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5170-x
Anversa, A. C., Santos Filha, V. A. V., Silva, E. B., & Fedosse, E. (2018). Qualidade de vida e o cotidiano acadêmico: uma reflexão necessária. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 26(3), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoAO1185
Bak, C. K., Andersen, P. T., Bacher, I., & Bancila, D. D. (2012). The association between sociodemographic characteristics and perceived stress among residents in a deprived neighbourhood in Denmark. European Journal of Public Health, 22(6), 787-792. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks004
Bardagi, M. P., & Hutz, C. S. (2010). Satisfação de vida, comprometimento com a carreira e exploração vocacional em estudantes universitários. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 62(1), 159-170. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1809-52672010000100016&lng= pt&tlng=pt
Barros, M. B. A., César, C. L. G., Carandina, L., & Torre, G. D. (2006). Desigualdades sociais na prevalência de doenças crônicas no Brasil, PNAD 2003. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 11(4), 911-928. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232006000400014
Bartonicek, A., Wickham, S. R., Pat, N., & Conner, T. S. (2021). The value of Bayesian predictive projection for variable selection: An example of selecting lifestyle predictors of young adult well-being. bmc Public Health, 21(695), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10690-3
Batz, C., & Tay, L. (2018). Gender differences in subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being (pp. 1-15). def Publishers. https://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/30/download.pdf
Benedetto, M. D., Towt, C. J., & Jackson, M. L. (2020). A cluster analysis of sleep quality, self-care behaviors, and mental health risk in Australian university students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 18(3), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2019.1580194
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Wellbeing over time in Britain and the usa. Journal
of Public Economics, 88(7), 1359-1386. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/pubeco/v88y2004i7-8p1359-1386.html
Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In. M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 447-460). Guilford Press.
Brookie, K. L., Best, G., & Conner, T. S. (2018). Intake of raw fruits and vegetables is associated with better mental health than intake of processed fruits and vegetables. Frontier in Psychology, 9, Artigo 487. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00487
Brummett, B. H., Babyak, M. A., Siegler, I. C., Vitaliano, P. P., Ballard, E. L., Gwyther L. P., & Williams, R. B. (2006). Associations among perceptions of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers and noncaregivers. Health Psychology, 25(2), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.2.220
Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H. H., & Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 103-123. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024569803230
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Turk-Charles, S. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165
Carvalhaes, F., & Chor, D. (2016). Posição socioeconômica, idade e condição de saúde no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 31(92), Article e319207. https://doi.org/10.17666/319207/201
Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Social and emotional aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 383-409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448
Chow, H. (2005). Life satisfaction among university students in a Canadian prairie city: A multivariate analysis. Social Indicators Research, 70(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-004-7526-0
Coats, A. H., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2008). Emotion regulation in interpersonal problems: The role of cognitive-emotional complexity, emotion regulation goals, and expressivity. Psychology and Aging, 23(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.39
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2a ed.). Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203774441
Conley, C. S., Shapiro, J. B., Huguenel, B. M., & Kirsch, A. C. (2018). Navigating the college years: Developmental trajectories and gender differences in psychological functioning, cognitive-affective strategies, and social well-being. Emerging Adulthood, 8(2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818791603
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x
Diener, E., Fujita, F., Tay, L., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2012). Purpose, mood, and pleasure in predicting satisfaction judgments. Social Indicators Research, 105(3), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9787-8
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1985). Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 542-546. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.3.542
Fave, A. D., Brdar, I., Freire, T., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Wissing, M. P. (2011). The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 185-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9632-5
Feist, G. J., Bodner, T. E., Jacobs, J. F., Miles, M., & Tan, V. (1995). Integrating top-down and bottom-up structural models of subjective well-being: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.138
Ferreira, M. S., Farias, G. S., Nunes, S. A. N., Papini, C. B., & Sousa, T. F. (2021). Self-rated health in university students: A systematic review. Saúde em Revista, 21(1), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.15600/2238-1244/sr.v21n1p195-213
Garett, R., Liu, S., & Young, S. D. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of stress among incoming college freshmen. Journal of American College Health, 65(5), 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1312413
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.). Pearson.
Geerling, D. M., & Diener, E. (2018). Effect size strengths in subjective well-being research. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(1), 167-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9670-8
Giatii, L., & Barreto, S. M. (2006). Situação do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho e iniquidade em saúde no Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40(1), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006000100016
Hair Jr., J. F., Rolph, E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5a ed.). Prentice Hall.
Hakan, K., & Münireb, E. (2014). Academic motivation: Gender, domain and grade differences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.469
Haring, M. J., Stock, W. A., & Okun, M. A. (1984). A research synthesis of gender and social class as correlates of subjective well-being. Human Relations, 37(8), 645-657. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678403700805
Heller, D., Watson, D., & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person vs. situation in life satisfaction: A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574-600. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574
Hirsch, C. D., Barlem, E. L. D., Barlem, J. G. T., Silveira, R. S., & Mendes, D. P. (2015). Fatores preditores e associados à satisfação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 28(6), 566-572. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201500093
Hogan, J. M., Carlson, J. G., & Dua, J. (2002). Stressors and stress reactions among university personnel. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(4), 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019982316327
Horta, J. A. (2013). A satisfação com a vida de estudantes universitários [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias]. https://recil.ensinolusofona.pt/bitstream/10437/5070/1/tese.pdf
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2012). Censo Brasileiro de 2010. IBGE. https://censo2010. ibge.gov.br/resultados.html
Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira. (2020). Sinopse Estatística da Educação Superior. Ministério da Educação. https://www.gov.br/inep/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/dados-abertos/sinopses-estatisticas
Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.1007
Krishnan, V., & Collop, N. A. (2006). Gender differences in sleep disorders. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 12(6), 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcp.0000245705.69440.6a
Labouvie-Vief, G., & DeVoe, M. (1991). Emotional regulation in adulthood and later life: A developmental view. In K. W. Schaie (Ed.), Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics (pp. 172-194). Springer.
Lang, F. R., Staudinger, U. M., & Carstensen, L. L. (1998). Perspectives on socioemotional selectivity in late life: How personality and social do (and do not) make a difference. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 53(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.1.P21
Linard, J. G. (2016). Análise do estilo de vida, condições ambientais, de aprendizagem e rendimento acadêmico em universitários ingressantes e concludentes do curso de Educação Física [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual do Ceará]. http://siduece.uece.br/siduece/trabalhoAcademicoPublico.jsf?id=83048
Luhmann, M., Lucas, R. E., Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2013). The prospective effect of life satisfaction on life events. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550612440105
Morrison, M., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Subjective well-being and national satisfaction: Findings from a worldwide survey. Psychological Science, 22(2), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.117710956797610396224
Neri, M., & Soares, W. (2002). Desigualdade social e saúde no Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 18, 77-87. https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/csp/2002.v18suppl0/S77-S87/pt
Ngamaba, K. H., Panagioti, M., & Armitage, C. J. (2018). Income inequality and subjective well-being: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Quality of Life Research, 27(3), 577-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1719-x.
Nolem-Hoeksema, S., & Runsting, C. L. (1999). Gender differences and well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener & N. Schwartz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 330-52). Russell Sage Foundation.
Nowakowski, S., Meers, J., & Heimbach, E. (2013). Sleep and women’s health. Sleep Medicine Research, 4(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2013.4.1.1
Pachane, G. G. (2003). Experiência universitária e sua contribuição ao desenvolvimento pessoal do aluno. In E. Mercuri & S. Polydoro (Orgs.), Estudante universitário: características e experiências de formação (pp. 155-186). Cabral Editora.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research (3a ed.). Harcourt.
Perry, N. L. (2020). Gender differences in subjective well-Being. In B. J. Carducci, C. S. Nave, A. Di Fabio, D. H. Saklofske & C. Stough (Eds.), The Wiley encyclopedia of personality and individual differences: Models and theories (pp. 191-194). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch209
Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z
Quadros, L. S., Sousa, T. F., Silva, E. S., Gordia, A. P., Quadros, T. M. B., & Alvarenga A. M. (2022). Autoavaliação da qualidade de ensino e aprendizagem por universitários. In A. P. Gordia, T. M. B. Quadros & T. F. Sousa (Eds.), Educação física da ufrb: 10 anos de história (pp. 35-48). EDUFRB.
Reis, M. C., Pinto Júnior, E. P., Melo, N. S. A., Raposo, M. T., & Munaro, H. L. R. (2016). Condições de saúde e fatores associados a satisfação com vida em acadêmicos de fisioterapia. Revista Saúde.Com, 12(3), 638-645. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/22373/1/2016_art_mcreis.pdf
Røysamb, E., Tambs, K., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Neale, M-C., & Harris, J. R. (2003). Happiness and health: Environmental and genetic contributions to the relationship between subjective well-being, perceived health, and somatic illness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(6), 1136-1146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1136
Rusillo. M. T. C., & Arias, P. F. C. (2004). Gender differences in academic motivation of secondary school students. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2(3), 97-112. https://www.investigacion-psicopedagogica.org/revista/new/english/ContadorArticulo.php?31
Santos, J. A. F. (2011). Classe social e desigualdade de saúde no Brasil. RCBS – Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 26(75), 27-55. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69092011000100002
Sousa, T. F., Fonseca, S. A., José, H. P. M., & Nahas, M. V. (2013). Validade e reprodutibilidade do questionário Indicadores de Saúde e Qualidade de Vida de Acadêmicos (Isaq-A). Arquivos de Ciências do Esporte, 1(1), 21-30.
Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-Satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a
stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality, 70(3), 345-384. https://doi.org/0.1111/1467-6494.05008
Schimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2008). The influence of environment and personality on the affective and cognitive component of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9230-3
Sousa, T. F., Ferreira, M. S., Santos, S. F. S., Fonseca, S. A., Barbosa, A. R., & Fonseca, S. C. F. (2021). Cardiovascular risk factors in students at a public college institution in Brazil. Revista Ciências em Saúde, 11(4), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v11i4.1170
Sousa de, T. F., Fonseca, S. A., Vieira, E. P., Chaves, A. O., Nascimento do, J. V., & Alvarenga, A. M. (2018). Validade de constructo da escala Condições do Ambiente e Características de Aprendizagem na Universidade (cacau). Avaliação: Revista da Avaliação da Educação Superior (Campinas), 23(3), 665-678. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1414-40772018000300006
Steptoe, A., & Feldman. P. J. (2001). Neighborhood problems as sources of chronic stress: Development of a measure of neighborhood problems, and associations with socioeconomic status and health. Annual Behavioral Medicine, 23(3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2303_5
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. Harper Collins College.
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behaviour: A metaanalytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2-30. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
Tay, L., Ng, V., Kuykendall, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Demographic factors and worker well-being: An empirical review using representative data from the United States and across the world. In P. L. Perrewé, C. C. Rosen, & J. R. B. Halbesleben (Eds.), The role of demographics in occupational stress and well being, Vol. 12 (pp. 235-283). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-355520140000012007
Van Reen, E., Sharkey, K. M., Roane, B. M., Barker, D., Seifer, R., Raffray, T., Bond, T. L., & Carskadon, M. A. (2013). Sex of college students moderates associations among bedtime, time in bed, and circadian phase angle. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 28(6), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730413511771
Wickham, S-R., Amarasekara, N. A., Bartonicek, A., & Conner, T. S. (2020). The big three health behaviors and mental health and well-being among young adults: A cross-sectional investigation of sleep, exercise, and diet. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Artigo 579205. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579205
Voderholzer, U., Al-Shajlawi, A., Weske, G., Feige, B., & Riemann, D. (2003). Are there gender differences in objective and subjective sleep measures? A study of insomniacs and healthy controls. Depression and Anxiety, 17(3), 162-172. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12768650/
Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 1305-1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0
Zhang, B., & Wing, Y. K. (2006). Sex differences in insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 29(1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.1.85
Zuckerman, M., Li, C., & Diener, E. F. (2017). Societal conditions and the gender difference in well-being: Testing a three-stage model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(3), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216684133
Detalles del artículo

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.