Juridificación y penalidad: límites del discurso internacional de los derechos humanos en materia de violencia contra las mujeres
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Este artículo presenta un análisis crítico de discurso aplicado a dos sistemas internacionales de derechos humanos (DDHH) en el ámbito de la violencia contra las mujeres (VCM). Se analizaron cualitativamente convenciones, jurisprudencia y materiales comunicacionales de organismos europeos e interamericanos. Los resultados sugieren una “juridificación” de las respuestas a la VCM y revelan cómo se constituye una penalidad basada en DDHH. Este modelo le atribuye múltiples virtudes a la respuesta penal, caracterizando su activación como diligencia debida. Tal paradigma tiende a marginar las experiencias de las víctimas/sobrevivientes, soslaya la violencia que ejerce el aparato penal y debilita posibles enfoques redistributivos, basados en derechos económicos y sociales. Se sugiere que estos se profundicen en una futura agenda de investigación.
Descargas
Marianela Espinoza Álvarez, Investigadora independiente
Abogada por la Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador).
Genaro Tapia Tapia, Investigador independiente
Magíster en Comunicación por la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO, Sede Ecuador). Se desempeña como asesor comunicacional para instituciones de difusión cultural y ONGs desde 2018. Se ha desempeñado como asesor legislativo.
Aguirre Salas, A., Léon, T., & Ribadeneira González, N. S. (2020). Sistema
penitenciario y población penalizada durante la Revolución Ciudadana
(2007-2017). urvio, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, 27,
-110. https://doi.org/10.17141/urvio.27.2020.4303
Aliverti, A., Henrique, C., Chamberlen, A., & Sozzo, M. (Eds.). (2023). Decolonizing
the Criminal Question. Colonial legacies, contemporary problems.
Oxford University Press.
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2012). Artavia Murillo y otros
(Fertilización in Vitro) Vs. Costa Rica. Serie C No. 257. (November 28, 2012).
https://www.corteidh.or.cr/cf/Jurisprudencia2/ficha_tecnica.cfm?nId_Ficha=
Aviram, H. (2020). Progressive punitivism: Notes on the use of punitive social
control to advance social justice ends. Buffalo Law Review, 68(1), 199-245.
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/
buflr68§ion=8
Bacchi, C. L. (1999). Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems.
Sage.
Bacchi, C. L. (2005). Discourse, discourse everywhere: Subject “agency” in
feminist discourse methodology. Nordic Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3),
-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740600600407
Bacchi, C. L. (2009). Analysing policy: What’s the problem represented to be?
Pearson.
Bacchi, C. L. (2012). Why study problematisations? Making politics visible. Open
Journal of Political Science, 2(1), 1-8. https://www.scirp.org/html/18803.html
Baldry, A., & Thibault, P. J. (2008). Applications of multimodal concordances.
hermes-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 21(41), 11-41.
https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i41.96812
Bernstein, E. (2012). Carceral politics as gender justice? The “traffic in women”
and neoliberal circuits of crime, sex, and rights. Theory and Society, 41(3),
-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-012-9165-9
Bracco Bruce, L. (2022). Prison in Peru. Ethnographic, Feminist and Decolonial
Perspectives. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
-030-84409-7
Buchely, L. (2015). Imaginarios sobre prácticas judiciales en Cali, Colombia.
Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 19(52), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.17141/
iconos.52.2015.1687
Carvalho, H. (2022). Dangerous patterns: Joint enterprise and the culture
of criminal law. Social & Legal Studies, 32(3), 335-355. https://doi.
org/10.1177/09646639221119351
Christie, N. (1977). Conflicts as property. The British Journal of Criminology,
(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046783
Coba Mejía, L. (2015). Sitiadas: la criminalización de las pobres en Ecuador. Flacso
Ecuador.
Comisión Interamericana de Mujeres. (2014, november 25). Convención Belém
Do Pará Y Su Mecanismo De Seguimiento (mesecvi). [Archivo de Vídeo].
Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8vxJ6UHhyE
Comisión Interamericana de Mujeres. (2015, mayo 6). Violencia Sexual y
Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos. [Archivo de Vídeo]. Youtube. https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHwlPM7YTls
Consejo de Europa. (2011). Convenio del Consejo de Europa sobre prevención y
lucha contra la violencia contra las mujeres y la violencia doméstica. Council of
Europe Treaty Series, No. 210. https://rm.coe.int/1680462543
Corrigan, R. (2013). Up against a wall: Rape reform and the failure of success.
nyu Press.
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2006). Penal Miguel Castro
Castro Vs. Perú, Serie C No. 181 (November 25, 2006). https://www.corteidh.
or.cr/cf/jurisprudencia2/ficha_tecnica.cfm?nId_Ficha=197&lang=es
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2009). González y otras (“Campo
Algodonero”) vs. México. Series C No. 205. (November 16, 2009). chromeextension://
efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.corteidh.
or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_205_esp.pdf
Council of Europe. (2021). The four pillars of the Istanbul Convention. Council
of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/coe-istanbulconvention-brochure-en-r03-
v01/1680a06d4f
Council of Europe & Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (2016). Dialogue
Across the Atlantic: Selected Case-Law of the European and Inter-American
Human Rights Courts. Wolf Legal Publishers. https://www.amazon.com/
Dialogue-Across-Atlantic-Selected-Inter-American/dp/9462402809
Cradle Community. (2021). Brick by Brick: How we build a world without prisons.
Hajar Press. https://www.hajarpress.com/books/brick-by-brick
Davis, A. Y. (2005). Abolition democracy: Beyond empire, prisons, and torture.
Seven Stories Press.
De Aquino, S. (2013). Organizing to monitor implementation of the Maria da
Penha law in Brazil. In M. Al-Sharmani (Ed.), Feminist Activism, Women’s
Rights, and Legal Reform (pp. 177-202). Zed Books. https://www.press.
uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/F/bo20842428.html
Douzinas, C. (2014, August 7). Human rights and the paradoxes of liberalism.
openDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/human-rights-andparadoxes-
of-liberalism/
Engle, K. (2015). Anti-impunity and the turn to criminal law in human rights.
Cornell Law Review, 100(5), 1069. https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/
vol100/iss5/2
Engle, K., Miller, Z., & Davis, D. M. (Eds.). (2016). Anti-impunity and the human
rights agenda. Cambridge University Press. https://www.amazon.com/
Anti-Impunity-Human-Rights-Agenda-Karen/dp/1107439221
Eslava, L., & Buchely, L. (2019). Security and development? A story about
petty crime, the petty state and its petty law. Revista de Estudios Sociales,
, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.7440/res67.2019.04
European Court of Human Rights. (2005). Case of Siliadin v. France, Application
no. 73316/01 (July 26, 2005). https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-69891
European Court of Human Rights. (2009). Opuz v. Turkey, 33401/02 (June
, 2009). https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-92945
European Court of Human Rights. (2013). Valiulienė v. Lithuania, 33234/07
(March 16, 2013). https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-117636
Farrelly, M. (2020). Critical Discourse Analysis. sage Publications Limited.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036815631
Foucault, M. (2003). “Society must be defended”: Lectures at the College de France,
-76 (1st ed.). Picador.
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Oxford University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
Fulchiron, A. (2018). La ley de mujeres: amor, poder propio y autoridad: mujeres
sobrevivientes de violación sexual en guerra reinventan la justicia desde el
cuerpo, la vida y la comunidad [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México]. https://doi.org/https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/handle/
DGB_UNAM/TES01000780325
Garland, D. (2012). The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary
society. University of Chicago Press.
Garland, D. (2013). Penality and the penal state. Criminology, an Interdisciplinary
Journal, 51(3), 475-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12015
Gartner, R., & Macmillan, R. (1995). The effect of victim-offender relationship
on reporting crimes of violence against women. Canadian Journal of Criminology,
(3), 393-429. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.37.3.393
Gilmore, R. W. (2007). Golden gulag. Prisons, surplus, crisis, and opposition in
globalizing California. University of California Press.
Goldstein, D. M. (2012). Outlawed: Between Security and Rights in a Bolivian
City. Duke University Press.
Goodmark, L. (2018). Decriminalizing domestic violence: A balanced policy approach
to intimate partner violence (First ed.). University of California Press.
Goodmark, L. (2021). Gender-based violence, law reform, and the criminalization
of survivors of violence. International Journal for Crime Justice and
Social Democracy, 10(4), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1994
Halley, J., Kotiswaran, P., Shamir, H., & Rebouché, R. (2018). Governance feminism:
An introduction. University of Minnesota Press.
Hernández Castillo, R. A. (2017). Activismo legal y talleres penitenciarios.
Las paradojas de la antropología jurídica feminista y del trabajo cultural
en espacios de reclusión. In R. A. Hernández Castillo (Ed.), Resistencias
penitenciarias. Investigación activista de espacios de reclusión (pp. 51-82). Juan
Pablos Editor.
Jäger, S., & Maier, F. (2009). Theoretical and methodological aspects of Foucauldian
critical discourse analysis and dispositive analysis. Methods of
Critical Discourse Analysis, 2, 34-61.
Jäger, S., & Maier, F. (2016). Analysing discourses and dispositives: A Foucauldian
approach to theory and methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.),
Methods of Critical Discourse Studies (pp. 109-136). Sage.
Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2011). Jessica Lenahan
Gonzales and others v. United States of America, Caso 12.626 Informe No.
/11. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/11/5212/11.pdf
Johnson, H. (2012). Limits of a criminal justice response: Trends in police and
court processing of sexual assault. In E. A. Sheehy (Ed.), Sexual Assault in
Canada: Law, Legal Practice and Women’s Activism (pp. 613-634). University
of Ottawa Press.
Kapur, R. (2018). Gender, alterity and human rights: Freedom in a fishbowl. Edward
Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Kim, M. E. (2019). Anti-carceral feminism: The contradictions of progress and
the possibilities of counter-hegemonic struggle. Affilia, 35(3), 309-326.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109919878276
Kress, G. R., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual
design. Routledge.
Lamble, S. (2013). Queer necropolitics and the expanding carceral state:
Interrogating sexual investments in punishment. Law and Critique, 24(3),
-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-013-9125-1
Lange, B. (2011). Foucauldian-inspired discourse analysis. A contribution to
critical environmental law scholarship? In A. Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos (Ed.), Law and Ecology: New Environmental Foundations (pp. 39-64). Routledge.
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ViyDRAAACAAJ
Lavrysen, L., & Mavronicola, N. (Eds.). (2020). Coercive Human Rights: positive
duties to mobilise the criminal law under the echr. Hart Publishing.
MacKinnon, C. (2005). Women’s lives, men’s laws. Harvard University Press.
Machado, J. (2022, February 5). Boletas de auxilio no garantizan la seguridad
de las víctimas de agresión. Primicias. https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/
sociedad/femicidio-boleta-auxilio-ciclo-violencia-mujeres/
Mahoney, M. R. (1991). Legal images of battered women: Redefining
the issue of separation. Michigan Law Review, 90(1), 1-94. https://doi.
org/10.2307/1289533
Maier, S. L. (2008). “I have heard horrible stories …”: rape victim advocates’
perceptions of the revictimization of rape victims by the police and
medical system. Violence against Women, 14(7), 786-808. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1077801208320245
Mavronicola, N. (2020a). Coercive overreach, dilution and diversion: The
potential dangers of aligning human rights protection with criminal law
(enforcement). In L. Lavrysen & N. Mavronicola (Eds.), Coercive Human
Rights: Positive duties to mobilise the criminal law under the echr (pp. 183-
. Hart Publishing.
Mavronicola, N. (2020b, October 23). Redistributing Punishment: The Limited
Vision of Coercive Human Rights. ejil: Talk! https://www.ejiltalk.org/
redistributing-punishment-the-limited-vision-of-coercive-human-rights/
Mujeres de Frente. (2022, November 24). Making a living: Building new worlds
against punitivism and the state. Critical resistance. https://criticalresistance.
org/abolitionist/sneak-peek-issue-38-ecuador/
Niemi-Kiesiläinen, J., Honkatukia, P., & Ruuskanen, M. (2007). Legal texts as
discourses. In Å. Gunnarsson, E.-M. Svensson & M. Davies (Eds.), Exploiting
the limits of law (pp. 69-87). Ashgate.
Orenstein, A. (1998). Evidence and Feminism. In B. W. Taylor, S. Rush & R.
J. Munro (Eds.), Feminist jurisprudence, women and the law: Critical essays,
research agenda, and bibliography (pp. 509-540). Rothman & Co.
Organization of American States and Council of Europe. (2014). Regional
tools to fight violence against women. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/
https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/mesecvi-coecswpub-
en.pdf
Organización de los Estados Americanos. (1994). Convención interamericana
para prevenir, sancionar y erradicar la violencia contra la mujer. “Convención de Belém do Pará,” A-61. Departamento de Derecho Internacional. https://
www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/tratados/a-61.html
Pérez, M., & Radi, B. (2020). Gender punitivism: Queer perspectives on
identity politics in criminal justice. Criminology & Criminal Justice: The
International Journal of Policy and Practice, 20(5), 523-536. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1748895820941561
Piechestein, A. C., Monclus Masó, M., Brigandi, J., & Martinez Magarzo, Q.
(2023). Miradas de los feminismos a la justicia penal: límites y posibilidades
para la protección y respuesta eficiente a los conflictos de personas
en situación de violencia de género. Cálamo, 19, 10-26. https://doi.
org/10.61243/calamo.19.5
Pinto, M. (2020a). Historical trends of Human Rights gone criminal. Human
Rights Quarterly, 42(4), 729-761. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2020.0039
Pinto, M. (2020b). Sowing a “Culture of Conviction” what shall domestic
criminal justice systems reap from coercive human rights? In L. Lavrysen
& N. Mavronicola (Eds.), Coercive Human Rights: Positive Duties to mobilise
the criminal law under the echr (Hart studies in security and justice). Hart
Publishing.
Pinto, M. (2022). Discursive alignment of trafficking, rights and crime control.
International Journal of Law in Context, 19(2), 122-142. https://doi.
org/10.1017/S1744552322000209
Pinto, M. (2023). Coercive human rights and the forgotten history of the
council of Europe’s report on decriminalisation. The Modern Law Review.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12793
Sattar, A. (2019). Criminal Punishment and Human Rights: Convenient Morality
(1st ed.). Routledge.
Schreier, M. (2019). Content Analysis, Qualitative. sage Research Methods
Foundations; sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036753373
Scott, D. (2016). Regarding rights for the other: Abolitionism and human
rights from below. In L. Weber, E. Fishwick & M. Marmo (Eds.), The Routledge
International Handbook of Criminology and Human Rights (pp. 50-62).
Routledge.
Segato, R. L. (2014). El sexo y la norma: frente estatal, patriarcado, desposesión,
colonialidad. Revista Estudos Feministas, 22(2), 593-616. https://doi.
org/10.1590/S0104-026X2014000200012
Sieder, R. (2020). The juridification of politics. In M.-C. Foblets, M. Goodale,
M. Sapignoli & O. Zenker (Eds.), The oxford handbook of law and anthropology.
Oxford University Press.
Simon, J. (2007). Governing through crime: How the war on crime transformed
American democracy and created a culture of fear. Oxford University Press.
Smart, C. (1989). Feminism and the power of law. Routledge.
Snider, L. (1998). Towards safer societies: Punishment, masculinities and
violence against women. The British Journal of Criminology, 38(1), 1-39.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315095295-26/
towards-safer-societies-snider-laureen
Spade, D. (2015). Normal life: Administrative violence, critical trans politics, and the
limits of law (Revised and expanded edition). Duke University Press. https://
doi.org/10.1215/9780822374794 isbn electronic: 978-0-8223-7479-4
Sudbury, J. (Ed.). (2005). Global lockdown: Race, gender, and the prison-industrial
complex. Routledge.
Tapia Tapia, S. (2021). Beyond carceral expansion: Survivors’ experiences of
using specialised courts for violence against women in Ecuador. Social &
Legal Studies, 30(6), 848-868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663920973747
Tapia Tapia, S. (2023). Human rights penality and violence against women:
The coloniality of disembodied justice. Law and Critique, 1-25. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10978-023-09355-4
Tapia Tapia, S., & Bedford, K. (2021). Specialised (in)security: Violence against
women, criminal courts, and the gendered presence of the state in
Ecuador. Latin American Law Review, 7, 21-42. https://doi.org/10.29263/
lar07.2021.02
Terwiel, A. (2020). What is carceral feminism? Political Theory, 48(4), 421-442.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719889946
Teubner, G. (1987). Juridification. Concepts, aspects, limits, solutions. In G.
Teubner (Ed.), Juridification of Social Spheres. A comparative analysis in the
areas of labor, corporate, antitrust and social welfare law (pp. 3-47). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110921472
Tulkens, F. (2011). The paradoxical relationship between criminal law and
human rights. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9(3), 577-595. https://
doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqr028
un Women. (2015). A framework to underpin action to prevent violence against
women. un Women. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/
/11/prevention-framework
Uprimny Yepes, R. (2016). Reparaciones transformadoras: un mecanismo para
aliviar las tensiones entre justicia correctiva y justicia distributiva. In M.
García Villegas & M. A. Ceballos Bedoya (Eds.), Democracia, justicia y sociedad:
diez años de investigación en Dejusticia (pp. 741-754). Dejusticia-Centro de estudios de derecho, justicia y sociedad. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/
servlet/articulo?codigo=7110008
Von Hirsch, A., Bottoms, A. E., Burney, E., & Wikstrom, P.-O. (1999). Criminal
deterrence and sentence severity: An analysis of recent research. University of
Cambridge Address Institute of Criminology.
Wacquant, L. (2009). Punishing the poor: The neoliberal government of social
insecurity. Duke University Press.
Whalley, E., & Hackett, C. (2017). Carceral feminisms: The abolitionist project
and undoing dominant feminisms. Contemporary Justice Review, 20(4),
-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2017.1383762
What Works–Evidence Hub. (2023, April). What Works to Prevent Violence.
https://www.whatworks.co.za/resources
Whynacht, A. (2021). Insurgent Love: Abolition and Domestic Homicide. Fernwood
Publishing Co Ltd.
Wills, J. (2014). The world turned upside down? Neo-liberalism, socioeconomic
rights, and hegemony. Leiden Journal of International Law, 27(1), 11-35.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Bajo la licencia Atribución No Comercial (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Se puede compartir, copiar, distribuir, ejecutar y comunicar públicamente la obra y hacer obras derivadas, siempre y cuando se reconozcan los créditos del autor.
