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Analizamos cómo el interés reciente de las ciencias sociales en la violencia sexual incurrida por actores armados incide en la investigación y enjuiciamiento de crímenes atroces. Nos enfocamos en un reto fundamental para intentar establecer que tanto la violación como otras formas de violencia sexual pueden ser cometidas frecuentemente por miembros de una organización armada sin que se las hayan ordenado o autorizado como política. A esto lo denominamos práctica. Cuando ocurre con frecuencia, se rige por normas de género tanto de combatientes como de comandantes. La atención a estas dinámicas sociales refuerza el análisis de género de los fiscales y la investigación de un conflicto armado, esclareciendo las relaciones entre diferentes actos de violencia. La acusación de violencia sexual que se presenta como práctica requiere caracterizaciones específicas del delito y del tipo de responsabilidad. Dado que se presenta como complicidad, tolerancia y previsibilidad, los modos de responsabilidad más relevantes son ayudar e incitar, responsabilidad de mando, y asociación para delinquir.

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