Genetic susceptibility to develop of severe bacterial sepsis and septic shock

Objective: to present the state of the art of research, so far relate patient’s genetic polymorphism with the development of sepsis, as a diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutic approach for this condition. The concepts given by the research establishing the genetic polymorphism of the individual is relevant to disease progression of the disease and effective response to treatment in the critically ill patient, especially with bacterial sepsis and septic shock. Materials and methods: we reviewed indexed literature linking genetic factors with the development of some diseases of the critically ill patient. Results: the particular characteristics of the disease would be influenced by the genetic background of the patient, determining largely the pathophysiological response. It has revealed the genetic susceptibility of individuals to develop infection. These individuals with a similar treatment did not evolve in the same way, triggering a severe bacterial sepsis and septic shock. The polymorphism in the genes e coding the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) the interleukins-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, soluble factor CD-14, Toll like receptors, the inhibitor type 1 plasminogen activator would be associated with the development of severe sepsis and septic shock, particularly TNF-α mutations 308 G/A, PAI-1 4G/4G, IL-6174 G/C. Conclusions: knowledge of the genetic susceptibility of the individual, risk factors and proper functioning of the immune system to help reduce and offset the complications of bacterial sepsis. It is clear that individualized early treatment in patients with sepsis is associated with decreased mortality and a reduction in the deterioration of the inflammatory response.