Bem-estar subjetivo e perfis afetivos em gestores
implicações para a governação responsável face à “Grande Demissão”

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.15659

Barra lateral de artigos

PDF (Español (España))

Publicado: sept 7, 2026
Edição: v. 28 n. 52 (2026)
Seção Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica


Palavras-chave: Bem-estar subjetivo escala afectiva PANAS Grande demissão Governação responsável Perfis afectivos

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Autores

  Pilar Pulido-Ramírez
Military University Nueva Granada
  Carlos Almanza-Junco
Military University Nueva Granada

Resumo

Objetivos: analisar o bem-estar subjetivo de gestores de pequenas e médias empresas (pme) do setor dos serviços de Bogotá, por meio da validação psicométrica da escala panas-sf, e identificar os perfis afetivos presentes nessa população, discutindo as suas possíveis implicações para a gestão organizacional e para governançã responsável no contexto da “Grande Demissão”. Metodologia: avaliou-se o bem-estar afetivo de 462 gestores por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória (afc), análise de confiabilidade e análise de agrupamentos, com o objetivo de validar a escala e identificar perfis afetivos. Resultados principais: a escala panas-sf apresentou indicadores psicométricos adequados (cfi = 0,9687; rmsea = 0,037; α = 0,8624), corroborando a sua validade na população estudada. Além disso, foram identificados quatro perfis afetivos, sendo o perfil autodestrutivo (baixo afeto positivo e elevado afeto negativo) o mais frequente (46,75 %), enquanto o perfil de auto-realização representou 11,04 % da amostra. Conclusões: a escala panas-sf apresenta propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para avaliar o bem-estar subjetivo de gestores de pme do setor dos serviços de Bogotá e permite uma classificação diferenciada de perfis afetivos, o que constitui um contributo útil para compreender o bem-estar emocional desses gestores e discutir as suas possíveis implicações para a gestão organizacional no contexto das recentes transformações do mercado de trabalho.

Como Citar
Pulido-Ramírez, P., & Almanza-Junco, C. (2026). Bem-estar subjetivo e perfis afetivos em gestores: implicações para a governação responsável face à “Grande Demissão”. Revista Universidad Y Empresa, 28(52), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.15659
Referências

Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017, septiembre). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus htmt criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), 012163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163

Aldowaish, A., Kokuryo, J., Almazyad, O., & Goi, H. C. (2022). Environmental, social, and governance integration into the business model: Literature review and research agenda. Sustainability, 14(5), 2959. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052959

Anderson, T. (2021). Keeping the workforce healthy and safe during covid-19 at Woodside. The appea Journal, 61(2), 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1071/aj20154

Archer, T., Adolfsson, B. & Karlsson, E. Affective personality as cognitive-emotional presymptom profiles regulatory for self-reported health predispositions. Neurotox Res 14, 21-44 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03033573

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02723327

Balatsky, G., & Diener, E. (1993). Subjective well-being among Russian students. Social Indicators Research, 28(3), 225-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01079019

Bofinger, P., Dullien, S., Felbermayr, G., Fuest, C., Hüther, M., Südekum, J., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2020). Economic implications of the corona crisis and economic policy measures. Wirtschaftsdienst, 100, 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10273-020-2628-0

Cabrera Barbecho, F., Coronel-Pangol, K., & Flores Sánchez, G. (2023). Impacto del covid-19 sobre el desempeño financiero empresarial: una mirada a las grandes empresas privadas del Ecuador. Estudios Gerenciales, 39(169), 476-488. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2023.169.6044

Cropanzano, R., Keplinger, K., Lambert, B. K., Caza, B., & Ashford, S. J. (2023). The organizational psychology of gig work: An integrative conceptual review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(3), 492. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0001029

Cuartas Marín, J. C., Pulido Ramírez, M. del P., & Almanza Junco, C. A. (2022). Compromiso, intercambio de conocimiento y desempeño organizacional en tiempos de la covid 19: un estudio en empresas de servicios en la ciudad de Bogotá. face: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, 22(2), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.24054/face.v22i2.1333

Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. (2023). Demografía y dinámica empresarial. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/notas-estadisticas/jun_2022_nota_estadistica_demografia_empresarial.pdf

Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462

Das, K. V., Jones-Harrell, C., Fan, Y., Ramaswami, A., Orlove, B., & Botchwey, N. (2020). Understanding subjective well-being: Perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Reviews, 41, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5

De Neve, J. E., & Sachs, J. D. (2020). Sustainable development and human well-being. World Happiness Report, 113-128. https://bit.ly/4cEDqWL

Dey, M., & Loewenstein, M. A. (2020). How many workers are employed in sectors directly affected by covid-19 shutdowns, where do they work, and how much do they earn? Monthly Labor Review, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2020.6

Dudek, A. (2019). Silhouette index as clustering evaluation tool. En Conference of the section on classification and data analysis of the polish statistical association (pp. 19-33). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52348-0_2

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313

García, D. (2023). The story of the affective profiles model: Theory, concepts, measurement, and methodology. En The affective profiles model: 20 years of research and beyond (pp. 3-23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24220-5_1

Garcia D., & Moradi S. (2013). The affective temperaments and well-being: Swedish and Iranian adolescents’ life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Stududies, 14, 689-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9349-z

Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2020). The novel coronavirus (covid-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 39, 355-357. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875

Gençöz, T. (2000). Positive and negative affect schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-28.

Guerrero-Sánchez, P., & Guerrero-Grajeda, J. (2023). La gran renuncia, aspectos psicológicos, económicos, y la resiliencia organizacional en eua y México. ricsh Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas, 12(23), 15-49. https://doi.org/10.23913/ricsh. v12i23.300

Hair Jr, J., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203374

Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The impact of human resources environment and organizational identification on employees’ psychological well-being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397

Hamid, P. N., & Cheng, S.-T. (1996). The development and validation of an index of emotional disposition and mood state: The Chinese Affect Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(6), 995-1014. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164496056006006

Hilleras, P. K., Jorm, A. F., Herlitz, A., & Winblad, B. (1998). Negative and positive affect among the very old: A survey on a sample age 90 years or older. Research on Aging, 20(5), 593- 610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027598205003

Joiner Jr, T. E., Sandin, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., & Marquina, G. (1997). Development and factor analytic validation of the spanas among women in Spain: (More) cross-cultural convergence in the structure of mood. Journal of Personality assessment, 68(3), 600-615. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_8

Jöreskog, K. G., Olsson, U. H., & Wallentin, F. Y. (2016). Multivariate analysis with lisrel (vol. 10, pp. 978-3). Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-33153-9

Kercher, K. (1992). Assessing subjective well-being in the old-old: The panas as a measure of orthogonal dimensions of positive and negative affect. Research on Aging, 14(2), 131-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027592142001

Klotz, A. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2022). When quiet quitting is worse than the real thing. Harvard Business Review, 1, 1-5. https://hbr.org/2022/09/when-quiet-quitting-is-worse-than-thereal-thing

Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C. W., & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der “Positive and negative Affect Schedule” (panas). Diagnostica-Gottingen-, 42, 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1037/t49650-000

Kuzior, A., Kettler, K., & Rąb, Ł. (2022). Great resignation—ethical, cultural, relational, and personal dimensions of generation Y and Z employees’ engagement. Sustainability, 14(11), 6764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116764

Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. En M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion (pp. 25-59). Sage.

Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x

Maurizio, R. (2021). Empleo e informalidad en América Latina y el Caribe: una recuperación insuficiente y desigual. Organizacón Internacional del Trabajo. https://www.ilo.org/es/publications/empleo-e-informalidad-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe-una-recuperacion

Michie, J. (2020). The covid-19 crisis-and the future of the economy and economics. International Review of Applied Economics, 34(3), 301-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1756040

Monroe, C., Loresto, F., Horton-Deutsch, S., Kleiner, C., Eron, K., Varney, R., & Grimm, S. (2021). The value of intentional self-care practices: The effects of mindfulness on improving job satisfaction, teamwork, and workplace environments. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(2), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.003

Morán, M. C., Fínez, M. J., & Fernández-Abascal, E. G. (2017). Sobre la felicidad y su relación con tipos y rasgos de personalidad. Clínica y Salud, 28(2), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clysa.2016.11.003

Neely-Barnes, S., Hirschi, M., Taylor, L., Delavega, E., Malone, C., Shelley, S. A., (2023). The Great Resignation and its impact in behavioral health and social services. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 48(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2023.2271055

Ng, E., & Stanton, P. (2023). Editorial: The great resignation: managing people in a post covid-19 pandemic world. Personnel Review, 52(2), 401-407. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-03-2023-914

Norlander, T., Bood, S. Å., & Archer, T. (2002). Performance during stress: Affective personality, age, and regularity of physical exercise. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30(5), 495-508. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.5.495

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychological theory. McGraw-Hill; Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02301419

Ran, J., Liu, H., Yuan, Y., Yu, X., & Dong, T. (2023). Linking career exploration, self-reflection, career calling, career adaptability and subjective well-being: A self-regulation theory perspective. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2805-2817. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S420666

Sánchez, P. G., & Grajeda, J. G. (2023). La gran renuncia, aspectos psicológicos, económicos, y la resiliencia organizacional en eua y México. Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas: ricsh, 12(23), 15-49. https://doi.org/10.23913/ricsh.v12i23.300

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. En Handbook of market research (pp. 587-632). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15

Sarwar, H., Ishaq, M. I., Amin, A., & Ahmed, R. (2020). Ethical leadership, work engagement, employees’ well-being, and performance: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2008-2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1788039

Schütz E., Garcia D., Archer T. (2014). Affective state, stress, and type-A personality as a function of gender and affective profiles. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2013.450

Shahzad, M. F., Martins, J. M., Rita, J., Xu, S., & Mushtaq, H. M. (2024). Assessing the impact of strategic hr practices on talent retention through job satisfaction and work engagement: Moderating role of psychological empowerment. Sage Open, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241281836

Sull, D., Sull, C., & Zweig, B. (2022, 11 de enero). Toxic culture is driving the great resignation. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://bit.ly/3zH84jK

Teo, S. T., Bentley, T., & Nguyen, D. (2020). Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102415

Terraciano, A., McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2003). Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (panas). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(2), 131. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.19.2.131

Tessema, M., Tesfom, G., Faircloth, M., Tesfagiorgis, M. and Teckle, P. (2022) The “Great Resignation”: Causes, consequences, and creative hr management strategies. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 10, 161-178. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2022.101011

Tristán-López, A. (2008). Modificación al modelo de Lawshe para el dictamen cuantitativo de la validez de contenido de un instrumento objetivo. Avances en Medición, 6(1), 37-48. https://www.humanas.unal.edu.co/lab_psicometria/application/files/9716/0463/3548/vol_6._Articulo4_Indice_de_validez_de_contenido_37-48.pdf

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Desarrollo y validación de medidas breves de afecto positivo y negativo: las escalas panas. Revista de Personalidad y Psicología Social, 54 (6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063

Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2022). Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of covid-19. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5712-5722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2

Zhang, J., Yuhong, Y., & Jie, D. (2023). Information criteria for model selection. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1607

Estatísticas de consulta

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.
Métricas de publicação

0




 

Creative Commons License

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.