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Alejandro José Useche Arévalo
Este artículo presenta, como resultado de la revisión de literatura efectuada como un proyecto de investigación, un análisis comparativo entre el proceso de evaluación de decisiones de inversión, desde la teoría financiera tradicional, y un nuevo enfoque complementario que surge desde las finanzas corporativas basadas en el comportamiento (Behavioral Corporate Finance), un campo creciente de investigación en el cual se incorporan las influencias emocionales y cognitivas con el fin de lograr una mejor comprensión respecto a la toma de decisiones empresariales. Se analiza, en particular, la forma en la que los sesgos en el comportamiento, denominados exceso de confianza y optimismo, influyen de forma sistemática en el proceso de presupuesto de capital. La evidencia empírica demuestra que dichos sesgos conducen a sobreestimar los flujos de caja netos esperados y a subestimar sus varianzas, lo cual resulta principalmente en decisiones financieras sub-óptimas (i.e. sobreinversión y excesiva exposición al riesgo), aunque en ocasiones originan también prácticas que aportan valor a la empresa (i.e. rapidez en la ejecución de proyectos y mayor compromiso). El trabajo plantea recomendaciones para corregir las distorsiones que los sesgos psicológicos del exceso de confianza y el optimismo generan sobre el proceso de presupuesto de capital.

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Useche Arévalo, A. J. (2014). Exceso de confianza y optimismo en las decisiones de presupuesto de capital: las finanzas corporativas desde un enfoque centrado en el comportamiento. Revista Universidad Y Empresa, 16(26), 95-116. https://doi.org/10.12804/rev.univ.empresa.26.2014.03

Alejandro José Useche Arévalo, Universidad del Rosario

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) de la Swiss Management Center University. Profesor de carrera, Universidad del Rosario.

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