Hacia una taxonomía de la literatura del emprendimiento académico: aportaciones para Latinoamérica
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La emergencia del conocimiento como motor del crecimiento sitúa al emprendimiento académico como punto catalizador del desarrollo tecnológico y económico; por ello, ha recibido creciente interés tanto de políticos como de gestores universitarios y académicos. Aunque el auge de la literatura del emprendimiento académico se propagó a partir de la década de los noventa, los objetos y dinámicas del trabajo académico han cambiado. Este estudio realiza una taxonomía de la literatura sobre emprendimiento académico para identificar tendencias, vacíos y áreas de oportunidad para Latinoamérica. La metodología seguida hizo un análisis sistemático de literatura basado en la producción regional. Los resultados apuntan a que la literatura se ha centrado predominantemente en los cambios de la universidad y el tránsito a la universidad emprendedora, la comercialización de tecnología universitaria y factores sociales. Empero, deja de lado los atributos individuales de los académicos que emprenden, el sistema de incentivos y la identificación de oportunidades de estos. Esta revisión permite identificar áreas de oportunidad por explorar en la práctica e investigación en Latinoamérica.
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Pilar Pérez-Hernández, Instituto Politecnico Nacional-CIECAS
Profesora titular de la Maestría en Política y Gestión del Cambio Tecnológico del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIECAS.
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