Conteúdo do artigo principal

Autores

Introdução: Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis são os principais agentes etiológicos da conjuntivite bacteriana, estes são tratados empiricamente com antibióticos, causando aumento da resistência antimicrobiana após repetidas exposições aos mesmos. Atualmente, estão sendo estudadas alternativas naturais para o tratamento de infecções bacterianas autolimitadas da conjuntiva. Objetivo: determinar a atividade antimicrobiana de oito extratos de sete vegetais contra bactérias isoladas de pacientes com conjuntivite bacteriana. Materiais e métodos: foram retiradas amostras de 15 pacientes com conjuntivite bacteriana. As amostras foram cultivadas em ágar sangue e ágar chocolate por 24 horas a 37°C e os isolados foram identificados pelo sistema automatizado vitek, além de testes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana pelo método Kirby Bauer. Cada isolado identificado como sendo pertencente ao gênero Staphylococcus foi avaliado quanto à suscetibilidade a oito extratos vegetais: Ocimum basilicum (manjericão), Sambucus nigra L. (sabugueiro), Delphinium elatum (belladona), Calendula officinalis (calêndula), Bixa orellana (urucum; parte aérea e fruto independente), Clinopodium brownei (poejo) e Laurus nobilis (louro), anteriormente relatados como uso tradicional para o tratamento de infecções oculares. Resultados: as bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas foram S. epidermidis, S. hominis e S. aureus, que apresentaram resistência antimicrobiana principalmente à oxacilina, tetraciclinas e eritromicina. Todos os isolados foram inibidos por extratos de O. basilicum (cim: >0,9 mg/mL) e L. nobilis (cim: até 15 mg/mL). Conclusão: os extratos de C. officinalis e D. elatum apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana apenas contra os isolados com maior sensibilidade antimicrobiana. Os extratos etanólicos de O. basilicum e L. nobilis podem ser uma alternativa de tratamento para infecções conjuntivais

Patricia Hernández-Rodríguez, B.Sc, Esp, M.Sc, D.Sc. Programa do Biología. Departamento de Ciências Básicas. Universidad de La Salle

Atualmente é Professor Associado da Universidad de La Salle e Pesquisador Sênior da Colciencias.

Pabón Baquero, L. ., Granados Flórez, J. ., Velasco, W. J. ., Rodríguez Álvarez, M. F. ., & Hernández-Rodríguez, P. (2023). Atividade antimicrobial de extratos de plantas contra Staphylococcus isolado de pacientes com conjuntiviite bacteriana. Revista Ciencias De La Salud, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10242

Bharathi MJ, Ramakrishnan R, Shivakumar C, Meenakshi R, Lionalraj D. Etiology and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of community-acquired bacterial ocular infections in a tertiary eye care hospital in south India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010;58(6):497-507.

Balikoglu-Yilmaz M, Esen AB, Yilmaz T, Taskin U, Taskapili M, Faruk Oktay M, et al. Bacteriological profile in conjunctival, lacrimal sac, and nasal specimens and conjunctival normalization time following external, endoscopic, and transcanalicular multidiode laser dacryocystorhinostomy. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2016;79(3):163-70. https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20160049

Iwalokun BA, Oluwadun A, Akinsinde KA, Niemogha MT, Nwaokorie FO. Bacteriologic and plasmid analysis of etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in Lagos, Nigeria. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2011 Sep;1(3):95-103.

Chirinos-Saldaña P, Graue-Hernández EO, Hernández-Camarena JC, Navas A, Ramírez-Miranda A, de León LRD, et al. Perfil microbiológico y sensibilidad a antibióticos de microorganismos aislados de infecciones conjuntivales en el Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana. Reporte del año 2012. Rev Mex Oftalmol. 2014;88(2):73-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mexoft.2014.01.001

Hernández-Rodríguez P, Quintero G, Mesa D, Molano R, Hurtado P. Prevalencia de Staphylococcus epidermidis y Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes con conjuntivitis. Univ Sci. 2005;10(2):47-54.

Aoki R, Fukuda K, Ogawa M, Ikeno T, Kondo H, Tawara A, et al. Identification of causative pathogens in eyes with bacterial conjunctivitis by bacterial cell count and microbiota analysis. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(4):668-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.001

Mantadakis E, Maraki S, Michailidis L, Gitti Z, Pallikaris IG, Samonis G. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive cocci isolated from patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis in Crete, Greece. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2013;46(1):41-7.

Deurenberg RH, Vink C, Kalenic S, Friedrich AW, Bruggeman CA, Stobberingh EE. The molecular evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13(3):222-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01573.x

Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Olivares-Cervantes AL, Salinas E, Martínez L, Escorcia M, Oropeza R, et al. Presence of environmental coagulase-positive staphylococci, their clonal relationship, resistance factors and ability to form biofilm. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49(1):15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2016.08.006

Dave SB, Toma HS, Kim SJ. Changes in ocular flora in eyes exposed to ophthalmic antibiotics. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(5):937-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.005

Chuang C-CC, Hsiao C-HH, Tan H-YY, Ma DH-KK, Lin K-KK, Chang C-JJ, et al. Staphylococcus aureus ocular infection: methicillin-resistance, clinical features, and antibiotic susceptibilities. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042437

Asbell PA, Sanfilippo CM, Pillar CM, DeCory HH, Sahm DF, Morris TW. Antibiotic resistance among ocular pathogens in the United States five-year results from the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (armor) surveillance study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015; 133(12):1445-54.

Haas W, Pillar CM, Torres M, Morris TW, Sahm DF. Monitoring antibiotic resistance in ocular microorganisms: results from the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular microorganisms (armor) 2009 surveillance study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(4):567-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2011.03.010

Martín Algarra LV, Sánchez Rocha MC, Roldón Correa G, Rodríguez MF. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de bacterias aisladas de infecciones y de la microbiota ocular. Cienc Tecnol Salud Vis y Ocul. 2018; 16(2):33-44. https://doi.org/10.19052/sv.5301

Dias-Souza MV, dos Santos RM, Cerávolo IP, Cosenza G, Ferreira Marçal PH, Figueiredo FJB. Euterpe oleracea pulp extract: chemical analyses, antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, cytotoxicity and interference on the activity of antimicrobial drugs. Microb Pathog. 2018;114:29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.006

Oyedemi SO, Oyedemi BO, Coopoosamy RM, Prieto JM, Stapleton P, Gibbons S. Antibacterial and norfloxacin potentiation activities of Ocimum americanum L. against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. South African J Bot. 2017;109:308-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.12.025

Runyoro D, Ngassapa O, Vagionas K, Aligiannis N, Graikou K, Chinou I. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of four Ocimum species growing in Tanzania. Food Chem. 2010;119(1):311-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.028

Tayel AA, Shaban SM, Moussa SH, Elguindy NM, Diab AM, Mazrou KE, et al. Bioactivity and application of plant seeds’ extracts to fight resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Agric Sci. 2018;63(1):47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2018.04.006

Merghni A, Marzouki H, Hentati H, Aouni M, Mastouri M. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with oral infections. Curr Res Transl Med. 2016;64(1):29-34.

Abdi RD, Kerro Dego O. Antimicrobial activity of Persicaria pensylvanica extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Integr Med. 2019; 29(356):100921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.05.007

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27.ª ed. Wayne, PA; 2017.

Pabón LC, Rodríguez MF, Hernández-Rodríguez P. Plantas medicinales que se comercializan en Bogotá (Colombia) para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas. Bol Latinoam Caribe Plantas Med Aromat. 2017;16(6):529-46.

Famuyide IM, Aro AO, Fasina FO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated south African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):1-13.

Grzybowski A, Brona P, Kim SJ. Microbial flora and resistance in ophthalmology: a review. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255(5):851-62.

Fariña N, Samudio M, Carpinelli L, Nentwich MM, de Kaspar HM. Methicillin resistance and biofilm production of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from infectious and normal flora conjunctiva. Int Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug;37(4):819-25.

Mahajan N, Rawal S, Verma M, Poddar M, Alok S. A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum. Biomed Prev Nutr. 2013;3(2):185-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.002

Balasubramani S, Moola AK, Vivek K, Kumari BDR. Microbial pathogenesis formulation of nanoemulsion from leaves essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and its antibacterial, antioxidant and larvicidal activities (Culex quinquefasciatus). Microb Pathog. 2018;125:475-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.017

Hussain AI, Anwar F, Hussain Sherazi ST, Przybylski R. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chem. 2008;108(3):986-95.

Hernández L, Rodríguez M. Actividad antimicrobiana de plantas que crecen en Cuba. Rev Cuba Plantas Med. 2001;6(2):44-7.

Khan I, Ahmad K, Khalil AT, Khan J, Khan YA, Saqib MS, Umar MN, Ahmad H. Evaluation of antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine shrimp cytotoxic potential of crude methanolic extract of Herb Ocimum basilicum (Lamiacea). J Tradit Chin Med. 2015;35(3):316-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(15)30104-7

Da Silveira SM, Luciano FB, Fronza N, Cunha A, Scheuermann GN, Vieira CRW. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis essential oil towards foodborne pathogens and its application in fresh Tuscan sausage stored at 7°C. LWT - Food Sci Technol. 2014;59(1):86-93.

Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia. Vademécum colombiano de plantas medicinales [internet]. Bogotá; 2008. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=14336

Roumy V, Celidonio J, Macedo R, Bonneau N, Samaillie J, Azaroual N, et al. Plant therapy in the Peruvian Amazon (Loreto) in case of infectious diseases and its antimicrobial evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 249:112411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112411

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.