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Paulina Sepulveda
Claudia Rivas
Rodrigo Rivas
José Luis Saiz
Arlette Doussoulin

Introducción: la espasticidad se destaca como uno de los signos clínicos positivos más significativos del síndrome de motoneurona superior, por su compleja fisiopatología, y constituye una característica clínica de gran impacto en el ámbito de la neurorrehabilitación. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia, el inicio, la evolución y la predicción de la espasticidad después de un accidente cerebrovascular. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un diseño longitudinal correlacional. Se evaluaron 136 pacientes: 10 días (T1), 3 meses (T2) y 12 meses (T3) post ACV. La evaluación incluyó datos sociodemográficos y clínicos (T1) y se midió el tono muscular (T1, T2 y T3) mediante la Escala de Ashworth Modificada. Resultados: La prevalencia en el codo fue del 37,5% en T1 y del 57,4% en T2 y T3. Entre los pacientes con daño motor, el inicio de la espasticidad ocurrió en T1 para el 44,7% de ellos, entre T1 y T2 para el 23,7% y entre T2 y T3 para el 0,9%. La autoclasificación étnica, el tipo, el área, la extensión del ictus y el número de sesiones predijeron significativamente la alteración del tono muscular en al menos dos ocasiones. Conclusiones: El inicio de la espasticidad ocurre durante los 10 primeros días después de un accidente cerebrovascular. Más variables clínicas que sociodemográficas predijeron espasticidad.

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