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Objetivo: este estudio analiza los patrones de innovación empresarial en Colombia y su relación con la estructura sectorial, la cooperación institucional y el impacto organizacional. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal, basado en el análisis de 8812 empresas de la encuesta EDITS VIII (DANE). Metodología: se aplicaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva, análisis de correspondencias, segmentación K-means y modelos predictivos Random Forest. Resultados principales: se evidenció una alta concentración de empresas no innovadoras (68.4 %) y una distribución sectorial diferenciada de la innovación, con mayor presencia en actividades intensivas en conocimiento. Asimismo, se identificó que la cooperación institucional favorece configuraciones innovadoras más complejas; sin embargo, la relación entre innovación e impacto organizacional no resulta lineal ni automática. Aunque las empresas innovadoras generan ingresos asociados a la innovación, los indicadores de impacto muestran resultados heterogéneos, sugiriendo un desacople entre innovación y desempeño en contextos de alta heterogeneidad estructural. Conclusiones: los hallazgos cuestionan enfoques tradicionales que asumen una relación directa entre innovación y desempeño, y destacan la necesidad de comprender la innovación como un proceso contextual condicionado por factores sectoriales, organizacionales e institucionales.

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