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Autores




O fenótipo ampliado do autismo (FAA) tem sido definido como traços subclínicos que configuram a expressão fenotípica de uma suscetibilidade genética para o desenvolvimento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A literatura tem apontado para a relação entre habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas e autismo. No entanto, há controvérsia quanto à possibilidade dessas habilidades constituírem uma especificidade do FAA. Ainda, pesquisas com parentes de primeiro grau de pessoas com TEA ainda não obtiveram sucesso em estabelecer marcadores definitivos. Assim, este estudo comparou o desempenho de pais e mães de crianças com TEA (n=26) e sem TEA (n=26) em tarefas de habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas e indicadores de FAA. Foram aplicados o Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) e subtestes da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação (Bateria MAC), além da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler Abreviada (WASI). Os resultados indicaram que os pais de crianças com tea apresentaram maior dificuldade em linguagem pragmática do BAPQ, ainda que não tenham fechado critério para faa, e nas habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas de discurso conversacional, prosódia emocional, interpretação de metáforas e de atos de fala indiretos. Foi também verificado que o grupo clínico apresentou menor escore em QI verbal em relação ao grupo comparativo. Conclui-se que maiores dificuldades em habilidades cognitivo-pragmáticas podem ser um aspecto central e provavelmente específico do FAA em familiares de crianças com TEA, assim como dificuldades em aspectos estruturais da linguagem, como inteligência verbal. Estes resultados têm implicações para a compreensão da possível influência de fatores sociocognitivos familiares na gênese do autismo.




Juliana Burges Sbicigo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Doutora em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal do Ri Grande do Sul. Pesquisadora associada ao Núcleo de Estudos em Neuropsicologia Cognitiva (NEUROCOG).

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