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Adam Baird

Con base en cuarenta entrevistas de historias de vida con miembros de las pandillas de Medellín, Colombia, la presente investigación argumenta que muchos jóvenes se unen a las pandillas con el fin de emular y reproducir identidades masculinas que se consideran “exitosas” localmente. La acumulación de “capital masculino” por parte de las pandillas, con sus significantes materiales y simbólicos de hombría, acompañados de demostraciones y manifestaciones estilísticas, lleva a los jóvenes a percibirlas como espacios de éxito masculino, lo cual impulsa la reproducción social de las pandillas. Una vez vinculados a la pandilla, se vuelven cada vez más “malos” al hacer uso de la violencia para defender los intereses de esta a cambio de capital masculino. Los líderes de las pandillas, conocidos localmente como “los duros”, tienden a ser los “más malos”. El “proceso de empandillamiento” no debe entenderse como un comportamiento juvenil aberrante, sino más bien como uno lógico y práctico, dado que se percibe a la pandilla como un espacio aspiracional de formación de identidad para jóvenes que llegan a la mayoría de edad en un momento en que las condiciones estructurales de exclusión conspiran contra ellos.

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Baird, A. (2018). Convertirse en El Más Malo: trayectorias masculinas de violencia en las pandillas de Medellín. Estudios Socio-Jurídicos, 20(2), 9-48. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.6817

Adam Baird, Coventry University

Adam Baird tiene un doctorado del Departamento de Estudios de Paz de la Universidad de Bradford. Es un etnógrafo capacitado con enfoque en crimen, violencia de pandillas, seguridad ciudadana e inseguridad urbana en América Latina y el Caribe. Ha utilizado las masculinidades como lente para comprender la membresía de pandillas en Medellín, Colombia, y también ha trabajado en América Central y el Caribe.

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