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Manuel Zambrano-Monserrate
Arianna Troccoly-Quiroz
Maria Jose Pacheco-Borja

La dinámica del crecimiento económico dentro de un país implica un mayor consumo de energía y recursos naturales a causa de la mayor demanda de combustibles y materias primas para cumplir con el aumento de la producción que este requiere. Sin embargo, un tema de reciente interés en el ámbito económico y de preocupación a nivel mundial es la consecuente degradación del medio ambiente que viene paralela a este crecimiento económico. El presente estudio busca establecer la relación existente entre la degradación del medio ambiente, el crecimiento económico, el consumo de energía a partir de combustibles fósiles y la liberalización del comercio en Islandia entre los años 1960-2010, con el fin de determinar si un desarrollo sostenible es posible. Para lograrlo se hace uso de la hipótesis de la curva Kuznets ambiental (cka), teniendo como resultado que, efectivamente, un mayor crecimiento económico elevará los niveles de contaminación ambiental por un determinado período de tiempo, hasta alcanzar un punto a partir del cual se generará una reducción de la degradación del medio ambiente, hecho dado por los avances tecnológicos y académicos que el crecimiento precede. Esta hipótesis se comprueba aplicando el modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos (ardl). Finalmente, los resultados confirman la existencia de una relación a largo plazo entre todas las variables propuestas.

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