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Esta investigación estima los cargos de acceso en redes de transacciones con tarjetas de pago bajo una estructura de firma integrada verticalmente. A partir de un modelo teórico basado en Willig (1979) y Baumol (1983), y complementado por Armstrong et al. (1996), los resultados muestran que, al aumentar la diferenciación horizontal entre empresas, el cargo disminuye, independientemente de si son simétricas o diferenciadas, o de si los precios están regulados o no. El modelo sugiere un cargo teórico promedio de US$ 0.01 por transacción, notablemente superior a los US$ 0.022 por minuto de acceso en telefonía móvil, aunque no existen cargos comparables en la industria.

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