Political Representation: An Analysis of the Contributions of Hanna Pitkin and Lisa Disch

This article explores the theoretical contributions of Hanna Pitkin and Lisa Disch to the understanding of political representation in modern democracies. Pitkin, in her seminal work “The Concept of Representation” (19721972), establishes a robust foundation by differentiating four main types of representation: formalistic, symbolic, descriptive, and substantive. Disch expands this analysis by incorporating performative and discursive elements, proposing that representation should be viewed as a continuous process of negotiation and performance, where representatives not only reflect but also shape the interests of the represented. The primary objective of this article is to analyze and compare these contributions, offering a more comprehensive and dynamic view of political representation. Using a content analysis methodology, the study meticulously reviews the main works of Pitkin and Disch, while also incorporating critiques and analyses from other theorists. The integration of Pitkin’s and Disch’s theories provides a significant advancement in the academic debate, offering a more holistic and adaptive perspective on representational dynamics. This combination enhances the theoretical understanding of representational dynamics and provides practical guidelines for more inclusive and responsive representation in contemporary democracies, highlighting the ongoing relevance of such contributions to political theory.