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Autores

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo a conceptualização de perfis motivacionais, com base nos pressupostos da teoria da autodeterminação (selfdetermination theory [SDT]; Ryan & Deci, 2019). Para isso, recorremos ao método de análise de clusters para identificar as diferenças que estes apresentam no suporte parental percebido em relação à carreira, aos comportamentos de exploração vocacional e à indecisão de carreira. Esta abordagem centrada nos indivíduos procura enriquecer a discussão em torno das razões subjacentes ao envolvimento nas tarefas relacionadas com o proceso de tomada de decisão de carreira. Para além disso, acompanha a multidimensionalidade da SDT que sublinha a intenção de estudar a qualidade da motivação e a sua associação ao comportamento vocacional. De acordó com a expectativa teórica, a análise de clusters organizou e distinguiu três perfis teoricamente relevantes. Dois desses perfis apresentam-se como conceptualmente opostos (alunos autodeterminados e não autodeterminados). Obtivemos também um perfil de alunos com níveis de motivação intermédios (que não se situam num dos extremos do continuum da autodeterminação) e que são analisados de um ponto de vista mais exploratório. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que as abordagens centradas nos indivíduos são um complemento eficaz às abordagens centradas nas variáveis, uma vez que providenciam uma maior robustez aos resultados e riqueza na análise de diferentes grupos. Demonstram também a importância da utilização deste método no estudo do funcionamento motivacional relativo aos processos de carreira e fornecem pistas para a conceptualização e preparação de intervenções vocacionais.

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