Validation of the Parents’ Perceived Empathy Scale (PPES) in Argentine Young Adults: Proposal of a Brief Version

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.14320
APL 42(2)

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España)) HTML (Español (España)) XML (Español (España))

Published: Sep 20, 2024
Issue: Vol. 42 No. 2 (2024): Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana 42(2)
Section Artículos


Keywords: psychometrics parents’ perceived empathy young adults Argentina

Main Article Content

Authors

  Agustín Benítez Goncalvez
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
  Jael Vargas-Rubilar
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata
  Viviana Lemos
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Universidad Adventista del Plata

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the technical functioning of the Parents’ Perceived Empathy Scale (PPES) in young Argentine adults and to propose a brief version of the scale. Two studies were conducted for this purpose. In the first study, 177 young adults (women n = 126, 71.2 %; men n = 49, 27.7 %) aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 23.03; SD = 4.82), residents of fourteen Argentine provinces, were selected through convenience sampling. The discriminative power of the items, the underlying structure of the scale, and its internal consistency were evaluated. In the second study, using a new sample of 168 young adults (women n = 110, 65.5 %; men n = 58, 34.5 %) aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 23.17; SD = 3.83), the structures observed in the exploratory factor analyses conducted in Study 1 were tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, indicators of internal consistency (ω, CR, H and AVE) and external validity were included. The comparison of the different versions showed better indices of fit and lower error measures in the abbreviated versions of the PPES. The ω, CR, H and AVE indices provided satisfactory values. Furthermore, there was evidence of concurrent validity through correlations with different empathy measures in line with theoretical expectations. It can be concluded that the PPES is an instrument with adequate technical functioning, allowing for the valid, reliable, and brief evaluation of this construct in young Argentine adults.

How to Cite
Benítez Goncalvez, A., Vargas-Rubilar, J., & Lemos, V. (2024). Validation of the Parents’ Perceived Empathy Scale (PPES) in Argentine Young Adults: Proposal of a Brief Version. Avances En Psicología Latinoamericana, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.14320
References

Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Balabanian, C., Vargas Rubilar, J., & Lemos, V. (2022). Escala de Prosocialidad Parental Percibida para adolescentes. Revista de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 40(1), 433-454. https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/psicologia/article/view/24624

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Prentice-Hall.

Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76

Béland, S., Cousineau, D., & Loye, N. (2017). Utiliser le coefficient omega de McDonald à la place de l’alpha de Cronbach. McGill Journal of Education / Revue des Sciences de L’éducation de McGill, 52(3), 791-804. https://doi.org/10.7202/1050915ar

Benítez Goncalvez, A., & Lemos, V. (2021). Empatía parental percibida y su impacto en la empatía de adultos jóvenes argentinos (hermanos gemelos y no gemelos). Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 67(1), 16-23. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2021-43806-002

Benítez Goncalvez, A., Lemos, V., & Gutiérrez, M. (2023a, 26-30 de junio). Validez de contenido de una versión adaptada al español de la Perth Empathy Scale (PES) [Ponencia]. XXIX Congreso Internacional de Psicología organizado por la Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología, Asunción, Paraguay.

Benítez Goncalvez, A., Lemos, V., & Gutiérrez, M. (2023b, 23-25 de agosto). Adaptación y validación preliminar de la Perth Empathy Scale para adultos jóvenes argentinos [Ponencia]. XIX Reunión Nacional y VII Encuentro Internacional de la AACC organizado por la Asociación Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Brett, J. D., Becerra, R., Maybery, M. T., & Preece, D. A. (2023). The psychometric assessment of empathy: Development and validation of the Perth Empathy Scale. Assessment, 30(4), 1140-1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221086987

Chang, J. H., Fresco, J., & Green, B. (2014). The development and validation of the Compassion of Others’ Lives Scale (the COOL Scale). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(5), 33-42. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_5_March_2014/4.pdf

Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868

Davis, M. H. (2018). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Routledge.

Decety, J., & Holvoet, C. (2021). The emergence of empathy: A developmental neuroscience perspective. Developmental Review, 62, Article 100999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2021.100999

Decety, J., & Steinbeis, N. (2020). Multiple mechanisms of prosocial development. In J. Decety (Ed.), The social brain: A developmental perspective (pp. 219-246) MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11970.003.0016

Eisenberg, N., Miller, P. A., Shell, R., McNalley, S., & Shea, C. (1991). Prosocial development in adolescence: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 27(5), 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.27.5.849

Escobedo Portillo, M. T., Hernández Gómez, J. A., Estebané Ortega, V., & Martínez Moreno, G. (2016). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales: características, fases, construcción, aplicación y resultados. Ciencia & Trabajo, 18(55), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-24492016000100004

Garaigordobil, M., & Maganto, C. (2011). Empatía y resolución de conflictos durante la infancia y la adolescencia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 43(2), 255-266. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=s0120-05342011000200005&script=sci_arttext

Howard, M. C. (2016). A review of exploratory factor analysis decisions and overview of current practices: What we are doing and how can we improve? International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0) [Computer software]. IBM Corp.

Kilpatrick, K. L. (2005). The parental empathy measure: A new approach to assessing child maltreatment risk. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(4), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.608

Klos, M. C., & Lemos, V. N. (2018). Adaptación y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el constructo compasión. Revista Evaluar, 18(2), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v18.n2.20801

Lemos, V., & Richaud, M. C. (2021). A new multidimensional questionnaire of empathy for early and middle adolescents in Spanish. International Journal of Psychological Research, 14(1), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5030

Lemos, V., Vargas Rubilar, J., & López, M. B. (2022). Validación de una versión breve del Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva en población universitaria argentina. Psykhe (Santiago), 31(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2020.21747

López-Pérez, B., Fernández-Pinto, I., & Abad, F. J. G. (2008). TECA, Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva. TEA Ediciones. http://books.google.ie/books?id=KwaStgAACAAJ&dq=Test+de+empat%C3%ADa+cognitiva+y+afectiva&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api

Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33770318.pdf

Moral de la Rubia, J. (2019). Revisión de los criterios para validez convergente estimada a través de la varianza media extraída. Psychologia, 13(2), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.21500/19002386.4119

Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of nonnormal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38(2), 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x

Ong, M. Y., Eilander, J., Saw, S. M., Xie, Y., Meaney, M. J., & Broekman, B. F. P. (2017). The influence of perceived parenting styles on socio-emotional development from pre-puberty into puberty. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1016-9

Richaud de Minzi, M. C. (2007). La percepción de estilos de relación con su padre y madre en niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación / E Avaliação Psicológica, 1(23), 63-81. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4596/459645446005.pdf

Richaud de Minzi, M. C. (2009). Influencia del modelado de los padres sobre el desarrollo del razonamiento prosocial en los/las niños/as. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 43(1), 187-198. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/284/28411918021.pdf

Richaud de Minzi, M. C. (2013). Children’s perception of parental empathy as a precursor of children’s empathy in middle and late childhood. The Journal of Psychology, 147(6), 563-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.721811

Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Lemos, V., & Mesurado, B. (2011). Relaciones entre la percepción que tienen los niños de los estilos de relación y de la empatía de los padres y la conducta prosocial en la niñez media y tardía. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 29(2), 330-343. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S1794-47242011000200012&script=sci_arttext

RStudio Team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated Development for R [Computer software]. RStudio, Inc. Boston. http://www.rstudio.com/

Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children’s reports of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development, 36(2), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126465

Stern, J. A., Borelli, J. L., & Smiley, P. A. (2014). Assessing parental empathy: A role for empathy in child attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 17(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.969749

Vargas-Rubilar, J., Lemos, V. N., & Richaud, M. C. (2020). Adaptación y validación argentina de una versión breve de la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva (E2p). Liberabit: Revista Peruana de Psicología, 26(2), e413. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n2.08

Waigel, N., Vargas-Rubilar, J., & Lemos, V. (en prensa). Assessment of Perceived Parental Competencies in Argentine adolescents: Two brief scales for its measurement. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes.

Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory Factor Analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93

Zahn-Waxler, C., Schoen, A., & Decety, J. (2018). An interdisciplinary perspective on the origins of concern for others. In N. Roughley & T. Schramme, (Eds.), Forms of fellow feeling (pp. 184-215) Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316271698.008

Query Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Publcation metrics

0 2




 

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and ensure the journal's right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative “Commons Attribution License” that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this journal.