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La oposición de las comunidades locales a proyectos extractivos en América Latina se ha convertido en una tendencia importante del arbitraje de inversión. Debido a las decisiones que los tribunales arbitrales han tomado en estos casos, este asunto se ha planteado como un conflicto entre comunidades locales y arbitraje de inversión. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer algunas causas de este conflicto. Para esto, el texto desarrolla causas provenientes tanto de una lectura antropológica del conflicto como de ciertas características del sistema de protección de inversiones. De esta forma, se concluye que estas tensiones surgen de una diferencia de perspectivas entre los actores y que las tendencias recientes en el arbitraje de inversión podrían sentar las bases para resolverlas.

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