Nudging para a adoção de serviços financeiros digitais
evidências experimentais dos programas colombianos de transferência de renda

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.16783

Barra lateral de artigos

PDF (Español (España))

Publicado: Sep 28, 2026
Edição: v. 29 n. 02 (2026)
Seção Artigos


Palavras-chave: dinheiro móvel inclusão financeira pagamentos governo-pessoa (G2P) finanças das famílias

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Autores

Samir Kiuhan Vásquez
European University Institute
Erick Rincón Cárdenas
Universidad del Rosario

Resumo

Este estudo investiga os comportamentos de saque entre pessoas recentemente bancarizadas na Colômbia que receberam auxílio emergencial durante a pandemia. Por meio de dados de pesquisas e microdados administrativos de fintechs, aplicamos métodos observacionais e experimentais para analisar os padrões financeiros. Os resultados observacionais confirmam que os beneficiários recorrem predominantemente a saques imediatos em espécie, embora o uso de cartões de débito físicos e a exposição prolongada à plataforma atenuem essa tendência. No componente experimental, ao utilizar incentivos de pesquisa atribuídos aleatoriamente como microchoques de renda, verificamos que a liquidez digital inesperada estimula desproporcionalmente os gastos digitais e as transferências entre pessoas (P2P), em detrimento dos saques, especialmente entre os grupos mais vulneráveis. Por fim, embora a obrigatoriedade do recebimento digital amplie o alcance inicial, a promoção de uma inclusão financeira capaz de aumentar o bem-estar exige a combinação de mecanismos estruturais de transição com estímulos comportamentais direcionados.

Como Citar
Kiuhan Vásquez, S., & Rincón Cárdenas, E. (2026). Nudging para a adoção de serviços financeiros digitais: evidências experimentais dos programas colombianos de transferência de renda. Revista De Economía Del Rosario, 29(02), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.16783
Referências

Acconcia, A., Chinetti, S., & Jappelli, T. (2024). Consumption and Liquidity Shocks. Italian Economic Journal, 11, 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-024-00267-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-024-00267-5

Aker, J. C., Boumnijel, R., McClelland, A., & Tierney, N. (2016). Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 65(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/687578

Aker, J. C., & Mbiti, I. M. (2010). Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3), 207–232. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.207

Al Izzati, R., Suryadarma, D., & Suryahadi, A. (2023). Do Short-Term Unconditional Cash Transfers Change Behaviour and Preferences? Evidence From Indonesia. Oxford Development Studies, 51(3), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2023.2204423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2023.2204423

Alfonsi, L., Bauer, M., Chytilová, J., & Miguel, E. (2026). Hitting Rock Bottom: Economic Hardship and Cheating. Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 26-044. https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/26- 044_377995b0-9565-42b4-b236-263a59a4509a.pdf

Andia, A., Aurazo, J., & Paliza, M. (2024). Adoption and Welfare Effects of Payment Innovations: The Case of Digital Wallets in Peru. BIS Working Papers, No. 1329. https://www.bis.org/publ/work1329.pdf

Azevedo, V., Garbay Flores, S. A., Vera-Cossio, D. A., Vlaicu, R., & Zárate Moreno, A. M. (2025). Beyond Cash: The Digital Payments Revolution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013688 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18235/0013688

Banca de las Oportunidades. (2021). Financial Inclusion Report 2020. https://www.bancadelasoportunidades.gov.co/sites/default/files/2021-11/RIF2020_English.pdf

Banco de la República (2026, March 9). Working Paper Bre-B: Colombia’s Interoperable Instant Payments System Design, Implementation, and Outlook. Banco de la República. https://www.banrep.gov.co/en/publications-research/working-papers/paper-bre-b-february-2026

Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2007). The Economic Lives of the Poor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(1), 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.141 Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2013). Regression Analysis of Count Data (Vol. 53). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.141

Cárdenas, M. (2020). Introducción a la economía colombiana (4th ed.). Alpha Editorial. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, World Bank Group, & World Economic Forum. (2020). The Global COVID-19 FinTech Market Rapid Assessment Study. https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/faculty-research/centres/alternative-finance/publications/2020-global-covid-19-fintech-marketrapid- assessment-study/

Collins, D., Morduch, J., Rutherford, S., & Ruthven, O. (2009). Portfolios of the Poor: How the World’s Poor Live on $2 a Day. Princeton University Press. Crouzet, N., Gupta, A., & Mezzanotti, F. (2023). Shocks and Technology Adoption: Evidence from Electronic Payment Systems. Journal of Political Economy, 131(11), 3003–3065. https://doi.org/10.1086/724847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/724847

Cunningham, S. (2021). Causal Inference: The Mixtape. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300255881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300255881

Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of covid-19. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4

Duan, Y. (2025). The Impact of Digital Payments on Financial Decision- Making: From the Perspective of Behavioral Economics. SHS Web of Conferences, 225, 03009. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202522503009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202522503009

Dutz, D., Huitfeldt, I., Lacouture, S., Mogstad, M., Torgovitsky, A., & van Dijk, W. (2026). Selection in Surveys: Using Randomized Incentives to Detect and Account for Nonresponse Bias. The Review of Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdag003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdag003

Fu, J., & Mishra, M. (2022). FinTech in the Face of the covid-19 Pandemic. Review of Financial Studies, 35(11), 5020–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2021.100945 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2021.100945

Gelman, M., & Roussanov, N. (2024). Managing Mental Accounts: Payment Cards and Consumption Expenditures. The Review of Financial Studies, 37(8), 2586–2624. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhae013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhae013

Haushofer, J., & Shapiro, J. (2016). The Short-Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1973–2042. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw025

Higgins, S. (2024). Financial Technology Adoption: Network Externalities of Cashless Payments in Mexico. American Economic Review, 114(11), 3469–3512. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201952

ideas42, & World Bank. (2021). Behavioral Science for Inclusive and Impactful Digital Payments. https://www.ideas42.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/i42-1267_G2P-NoteBrief_final-2.pdf

Innovations for Poverty Action. (2024). Beneficiary Experience of Digital Government-To-Person (G2P) Payments. https://poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/G2P-and-Financial-Inclusion-

Updated.pdf

Jack, W., & Suri, T. (2014). Risk Sharing and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Kenya’s Mobile Money Revolution. American Economic Review, 104(1), 183–223. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.1.183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.1.183

Jensen, R. T. (2004). Do Private Transfers “Displace” the Benefits of Public Transfers? Evidence from South Africa. Journal of Public Economics, 88(1–2), 89–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00085-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00085-3

J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab). (2026). Research Resources. https://www.povertyactionlab.org/research-resources

Kearney, M. S., Tufano, P., Guryan, J., & Hurst, E. (2011). Making Savers Winners: An Overview of Prize-Linked Saving Products. In O. S. Mitchell & A. Lusardi (Eds.), Financial Literacy: Implications for Retirement Security and the Financial Marketplace (pp. 218–239). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696819.003.0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696819.003.0012

Klapper, L. (2024). Expanding Financial Inclusion Through Digital Financial Services: A Literature Review. Policy Research Working Paper 11008. World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b298a8e4-536f-46ac-ae52-5fa83b9bf433/content

Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5

Lusardi, A., Schneider, D. J., & Tufano, P. (2011). Financially Fragile Households: Evidence and Implications. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2011(1), 83–134. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1809708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.2011.0002

Milkman, K. L., & Beshears, J. (2009). Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocery. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 71(2), 384–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.007

Mugoro, M. M., & Makhura, M. N. (2025). What Drives Digital Finance Use in Rural Africa? Insights from Ethiopia. Innovation and Development, 16(2), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2025.2542637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2025.2542637

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2025). Supporting Informed and Safe Use of Digital Payments Through Digital Financial Literacy. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/21de47d1-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/21de47d1-en

Prieto, A. M. (2021). Ingreso Solidario: una nueva generación de pagos G2P en Colombia. The World Bank. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/e33 a6191df6cb47288574167b86efa50-0380022021/ingreso-solidario-a-newgeneration-of-g2p-payments-in-colombia

Riley, E. (2018). Mobile Money and Risk Sharing Against Village Shocks. Journal of Development Economics, 135, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.015

Samuelson, P. A. (1937). A Note on Measurement of Utility. The Review of Economic Studies, 4(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.2307/2967612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2967612

Schaner, S. (2018). The Persistent Power of Behavioral Change: Long-Run Impacts of Temporary Savings Subsidies for the Poor. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 10(3), 67–100. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20170453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20170453

Suri, T. (2017). Mobile Money. Annual Review of Economics, 9, 497–520. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-063016-103638 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-063016-103638

Suri, T., Bharadwaj, P., & Jack, W. (2021). FinTech and Household Resilience to Shocks. Journal of Development Economics, 153, 102697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102697

Thaler, R. H. (1999). Mental Accounting Matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(3), 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099- 0771(199909)12:3<183::AID-BDM318>3.0.CO;2-F DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(199909)12:3<183::AID-BDM318>3.0.CO;2-F

Wicker, T., Dalton, P., & van Soest, A. (2025). Mental Accounting and Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence From a Humanitarian Setting. CentER Discussion Paper; Vol. 2025-006. CentER, Center for Economic Research. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/mental-accounting-andcash- transfers-experimental-evidence-from-a/

World Bank. (2020). covid-19 G2P Cash-Transfer Payments. Country Brief: Colombia. Washington. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/863501593464582316-0090022020/original/WorldBankG2PxCOVID19ColombiaBrief.pdf

World Bank. (2023). How Digital Public Infrastructure Supports Empowerment, Inclusion, and Resilience. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/digital-development/how-digital-public-infrastructure-supportsempowerment- inclusion-and-resilience

World Bank. (2025). G2Px Evidence Brief: Digital G2P Payments and Financial Market Development. Washington: World Bank Group. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099053025155513956/pdf

Zimmerman, J. M., Bohling, K., & Parker, S. R. (2014). Electronic G2P Payments: Evidence From Four Lower-Income Countries. CGAP Focus Note No. 93. World Bank Group. https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Focus-Note-Electronic-G2P-Payments-April-2014.pdf

Estatísticas de consulta

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.
Métricas de publicação

0




 

Creative Commons License

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.