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Carlos León

La homogeneidad, entendida como la falta de diversidad, es una fuente de fragilidad en sistemas complejos. Del mismo modo, la homogeneidad del sistema financiero ha sido documentada como un factor determinante del riesgo sistémico. En este documento se evalúa la homogeneidad en el caso colombiano, para lo cual se mide qué tan similares son los bancos según la estructura de sus estados financieros generales, así como de sus portafolios de cartera, de inversiones y de pasivos. La similitud entre bancos y una metodología de agrupamiento por aglomeración arrojan la estructura jerárquica del sistema bancario, la cual muestra cómo los bancos se relacionan entre ellos de acuerdo con su estructura financiera. El sector bancario colombiano muestra homogeneidad, en especial entre los bancos de mayor tamaño. Así mismo, es evidente que el tamaño es un factor importante en la estructura jerárquica de este sector. Los resultados son robustos a partir de un procedimiento de selección de variables basado en análisis de componentes principales, el cual reduce la dimensionalidad y redundancia de la base de datos. Los resultados permiten estudiar qué tan homogéneo es el sistema bancario, así como identificar aquellas instituciones bancarias que tienen una estructura financiera común (particular) y, por lo tanto, permiten estudiar de mejor manera el riesgo sistémico.

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