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Na sociedade pós-pandêmica atual, as redes sociais desempenham um papel fundamental como principais espaços de socialização, facilitando a circulação de ideias e comportamentos. Embora a internet não tenha suposto a criação duma esfera pública digital mais livre e democrática, no seu lugar falamos duma transposição das dinâmicas de poder e de desigualdades da esfera pública convencional. O anonimato em linha, longe de subverter as relações de género, favorece a desinibição negativa, normalizando discursos sexistas e misóginos. Uma revisão da literatura científica mostra que o trolling baseado em gênero, especialmente visível em questões como a igualdade, a violência de género ou o feminismo, contribui para criar e manter um ambiente hostil para as mulheres, resultando na limitação da sua participação e expressão. A misoginia e a reatividade ante as mulheres em roles políticos as convertem em vítimas especialmente favoráveis desta forma de trolling, que se entende como parte das chamadas “violências contra as mulheres na política”. As redes sociais, nesta ultradifusão e normalização de comportamentos, podem ter um impacto negativo na participação das mulheres na esfera pública e na política. Os gestores de plataformas on-line têm um papel essencial em enfrentarem este fenômeno, pois contas falsas, trolls e ataques de ódio persistem com impunidade.

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