Aproximación integradora en la investigación sobre la teoría del framing desde su condición multiparadigmática
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La Teoría del framing ha alcanzado un creciente protagonismo en la investigación en Comunicación que incluye postulados comunes entre diferentes perspectivas de investigación. A la multiplicidad de formas de entender el concepto de frame, se une la controversia sobre los tipos de encuadres que existen. A pesar de los numerosos esfuerzos integradores (D’Angelo, 2002; De Vreese, 2005; Entman, 1993, 2004; López-Rabadán, 2010; Matthes, 2012; Reese, 2007; Scheufele, 1999), no se ha alcanzado todavía una total convergencia conceptual y metodológica, de forma que en cada estudio divergen definiciones, modelos teóricos y modos de medir los frames, así como tipos de encuadres, procesos o efectos diferentes (Scheufele, 1999).
Este trabajo ofrece una revisión actualizada de los diferentes paradigmas que definen los esfuerzos investigadores en relación con esta teoría, y deja constancia de las ventajas de apostar por modelos integradores o una síntesis paradigmática en futuros estudios. Mediante una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura publicada, se proponen dos objetivos. Por un lado, ofrecer una taxonomía sobre los tipos de encuadre que aclare las divergencias detectadas entre las investigaciones etiquetadas bajo esta teoría. Además, pretende justificar la necesidad de concebir la Teoría del Encuadre como un programa de investigación multiparadigmático (D’Angelo, 2002) que abarque todas las perspectivas establecidas hasta el momento.
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Juan Antonio Marín Albaladejo, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia
Profesor AyudanteDepartamento de Periodismo Docente e Investigador en Comunicación PolíticaRocío Zamora Medina, Universidad de Murcia
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