Representación de grupos sociales y generalización de disposiciones morales en la infancia
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Desde temprana edad, los niños muestran conocimientos complejos sobre el funcionamiento de los grupos sociales y las disposiciones morales de los individuos que los integran. Los niños de preescolar son capaces de inferir características compartidas por miembros de un mismo grupo social, y de generalizar disposiciones morales entre ellos. La actual investigación buscó comprender mejor las condiciones de generalización de disposiciones morales en diferentes tipos de agrupaciones de individuos. A lo largo de dos estudios (n = 180), y mediante un paradigma de generalización inductiva, se indagó la manera como niños de cinco y siete años de edad generalizan disposiciones morales, variando las características de los grupos sociales presentados. Los resultados mostraron que los niños no utilizan únicamente la presencia de etiquetas verbales comunes entre los miembros para guiar la generalización; por el contrario, este proceso parece más restringido, en función de las características observadas del grupo social. Estos hallazgos revelan que la identificación de disposiciones morales y su generalización en los individuos de un grupo social es un proceso de emergencia relativamente temprana en el desarrollo y de naturaleza compleja.
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