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This paper deals with the attribution of responsibility to States Parties for violations of selected multilateral human rights treaties outside their territory, and the jurisdiction of the treaty organs over such violations. Jurisdiction over human rights violations may result from territorial sovereignty, but also from quasi-territorial domination (occupation and similar situations, jurisdiction over marine spaces) or from the exercise of personal jurisdiction such as activities by consular, diplomatic, or intelligence agents in foreign countries, acts by or on vessels on the high seas, or on air or space craft. For each of the treaty systems examined (African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights, American Convention on Human Rights, United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, European Convention on Human Rights), this contribution describes the system’s general features, its provisions on jurisdiction, and most importantly, the practices it generates. This allows for a number of conclusions: that all the mechanisms examined contain some compulsory elements, that all of them except the African system contain pertinent rules, and that all of these  mechanisms apply the classical rules of international law on the exercise of quasi-territorial and personal jurisdiction. States are responsible for the breaches of human rights standards committed by their agents and organs in the exercise of such jurisdiction, and treaty organs are entitled to deal with such breaches.

Lucius Caflisch, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Professor emeritus, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva; Judge of the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg (1998-2006); member of the International Law Commission of the United Nations (2006-2016).

Caflisch, L. (2017). Attribution, Responsibility and Jurisdiction in International Human Rights Law. ACDI - Anuario Colombiano De Derecho Internacional, 10, 161–203. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/acdi/a.5292

Books

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Cases

Assanidze v. Georgia, No. 71503/01, [GC], judgment of 8 April

Association pour la sauvegarde de la paix au Burundi v. Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zaire and Zambia, communication 157/96 (2003).

Banković and Others v. Belgium and Others, No. 52207/99, [GC], decision of 12 December 2001.

Case No. 106/81, Montero v. Uruguay.

Case No. 52/79, López Burgos v. Uruguay; case No. 56/79, Lilian Celiberti de Casariego v. Uruguay.

Comité haitiano de Derechos Humanos et al., Report No. 51/96, case 10675. Cyprus v. Turkey, No. 25781/94, [GC], judgment of 10 May 2001. D. R. of Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda, communication 227/99 (2003). Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia, No. 48787/99, [GC], judgment of 8 July 2004.

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Loizidou v. Turkey (preliminary objections), No. 15318/89, judgment of 23 March 1995. Cyprus v. Turkey, No. 25781/94, [GC], judgment of 10 May 2001.

Mohammed Abdullah Saleh Al-Asad v. Republic of Djibouti, communication 383/10 (2014).

No. 11987/11, decision of 28 January 2014.

No. 15521/08, decision of 6 January 2015.

No. 29750/09, [GC], judgment of 16 June 2014.

No. 42139/12, judgment of 21 April 2015.

No. 45036/98, [GC], decision of 30 June 2005.

No. 47708/08, [GC], judgment of 20 November 2014.

No. 55721/07, [GC], judgment of 7 July 2011.

Nos. 71412/01 and 71866/01, [GC], decision of 31 May 2007.

Pad and Others v. Turkey, No. 60167/00, decision of 28 June 2008.

Waite and Kennedy v. Germany, and Beer and Regan v. Germany, Nos 26083/94 and 28934/95, [GC], judgments of 18 February 1999.

Documents

March 2004, UN Doc. ICCPR/C/21/Rev. 1/Add.13.

Article 4 of Protocol No. 15 of 24 June 2013, European Treaty Series No. 213.

Collected Edition of the Travaux préparatoires of the European Convention on Human Rights, Vol. III.

Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War and Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Council of Europe. (2007). Human Rights in International Law, 3rd ed., Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

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Protocol of 16 December 1966, Council of Europe.

Report No. 86/99, Case 11589, 29 September 1999.

United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 1155.

Web pages

www.achpr.org/instruments/rules-of-procedure-2010

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