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Susan Clarke
Gary L. Gaile
Martin Saiz

El proceso de globalización de la economía ha ocasionado cambios en la localización de las empresas y en la demanda de trabajo, agravando los problemas sociales y dismi­ nuyendo los ingresos tributarios de algunas localidades de los Estados Unidos.

Desde hace algunos años, los gobiernos sub­ nacionales de los Estados Unidos han toma­ do la iniciativa de diseñar y poner en marcha estrategias para enfrentar esta situación. Ini­ cialmente, el énfasis se puso en atraer empre­ sas localizadas en otras regiones, «robando» así empleo y tributos a otros estados y locali­ dades. Posteriormente, fueron imponiéndose enfoques empresariales más interesados en promover los esfuerzos económicos locales, en apoyar a las firmas e iniciativas dedicadas a las actividades de alta tecnología e investiga­ ción y desarrollo, y en mejorar el clima de ne­ gocios y la capacidad de las empresas existen­ tes para ajustar sus procesos productivos.

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