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Este ensaio busca pôr em perspectiva o surgimento das organizações paramilitares em Chiapas desde os inícios da rebelião zapatista em 1994. Sustenta-se que ao contrario do que sugere a maioria dos autores que tratam o tema dos paramilitares mexicanos, estes não se podem entender como uma estratégia de Estado. Doutro modo, a existência dos paramilitares revela uma guerra entre elites em pugna pelo poder com visões incompatíveis da democracia e o “bom governo”. A polarização inerente a este tipo de luta tem levado a que muitos atores locais apóiem um lado ou outro dos grupos em conflito. A presença de grupos radicais da esquerda em zonas indígenas, de colonização recente e com pouca presença do Estado, da lugar a uma radicalização das elites da região. As condições e as dinâmicas que explicam o protagonismo dos paramilitares são o resultado de múltiples fatores. Além do entorno internacional depois da Guerra Fria, convém ter em conta considerações nacionais como a inatenção aos assuntos de segurança de 1989 até 1993, as políticas governamentais entre 1968 e 1993 que semearam as sementes de uma situação pró-revolucionária em um contexto neoliberal e as mudanças consecutivas à modernização acelerada da sociedade. Precisam-se mais estudos acerca dos grupos paramilitares e seus nexos com atores nacionais e transnacionais para complementar este estudo enfocado em suas origens.

Patricia Olney, Universidad de Miami

Profesora, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut. Doctora en Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad de Miami
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