Astucias de la naturaleza: cómo la defensa de Ucrania podría acelerar la declinación de la hegemonía estadounidense
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Este artículo analiza la guerra en Ucrania y sus consecuencias, en particular las sanciones financieras impuestas a Rusia por Estados Unidos y sus aliados. El conflicto se entiende como parte de un cambio estructural más profundo del orden internacional, con China y Rusia como actores clave. Para analizar el proceso histórico en curso, es necesario desplegar una perspectiva dialéctica, partiendo de Gramsci para comprender que simples cambios cuantitativos pueden conducir a diferencias cualitativas en el largo plazo. Aunque es poco probable que la hegemonía estadounidense en el ámbito financiero desaparezca pronto, la guerra en Ucrania y sus repercusiones económicas podrían generar resultados y transformaciones inesperados. Los autores también discuten cómo las sanciones pueden ser un arma de doble filo y cómo las acciones que buscan restaurar el orden pueden acelerar los procesos de cambios estructurales. Brindan ejemplos de cómo las respuestas al conflicto están afectando otras dinámicas dentro del orden mundial, reorganizando los intereses nacionales, la seguridad nacional y las economías políticas en Europa, China y el Sur Global. Los autores concluyen que las “astucias de la naturaleza” se manifiestan como contradicciones inherentes a la acción humana, y que comprender las relaciones entre las medidas de los actores y las fuerzas sociales puede proporcionar una idea de cómo un impulso social puede lograr lo contrario.
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