Historical Memory and Transitional Justice in Spain: the Time as Actor of Criminal Justice

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12804/anidip02.01.2014.02

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Published: Mar 5, 2021
Updated: 2021-03-05
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2021-03-05 (2)
Issue: No. 2 (2014)
Section RESEARCH SECTION


Keywords: Criminal justice , transitional justice , memory , reconciliation , reparations , truth , victims. Justicia penal , justicia transicional , memoria , reconciliación , reparación , verdad , víctimas. Justiça penal , justiça transicional , memória , reconciliação , reparação , verdade , vítimas

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Authors

Josep Tamarit Sumalla University of Lérida Open University of Catalonia
Abstract
The article addresses the political, criminal and legal challenges posed by accountability demands for past crimes by studying the singularities that the Spanish transition from Franco’s dictatorship to democracy has raised. Especially, it is analysed the Historical Memory Law of 2007 and the most problematic points of the criminal justice actions that have emerged due to offenses committed during the dictatorship. Despite the existence of international crimes, the elapsed time has brought difficult to overcome, factual and legal difficulties for effective prosecution. This problem, focusing on the prohibition of retroactivity, prescription and effects of the Amnesty Act of 1977 is examined here.
Author Biography

Josep Tamarit Sumalla, University of Lérida Open University of Catalonia

Professor of International Criminal Law of the University of Lérida and Director of the Program of Criminology of the Open University of Catalonia.
How to Cite
Tamarit Sumalla, J. (2021). Historical Memory and Transitional Justice in Spain: the Time as Actor of Criminal Justice. Anuario Iberoamericano De Derecho Internacional Penal, 2(2), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.12804/anidip02.01.2014.02 (Original work published October 30, 2014)
References

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ARANGÜENA, F., C., “La Ley de memoria histórica y sus limitaciones: una visión desde la óptica del Derecho procesal”, en TAMARIT (coord.), Justicia de transición, justicia penal internacional y justicia universal, Barcelona, 2010, p. 130.9 Vid.

KIRCHHEIMER, O., “Trial by Fiat of the successor regime”, en KRITZ, N.J. (ed.), op. cit., pp. 359 - 361.

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IGRAU, S., La jurisdicción universal y su aplicación en España, Barcelona, 2009, p. 130;

OLLÉ, S., M., Justicia universal para crímenes internacionales, Madrid, 2008, pp. 64 - 66, o ZAPICO, B., M. “Investigating the Crimes of the Franco Regime: Legal possibilities, obligations of the Spanish State and duties towards the victims”, International Criminal Law Review 10, 2010, pp. 245 - 246.

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TAMARIT, “Comisiones de la verdad y justicia penal en contextos de transición”, Indret 2010, No 1: www.indret.com.30GIL, G., cit., pp. 154 - 155; DE LA CUESTA, A., J. L., “Spain”, en BASSIOUNI, Ch., The Pursuit of International Criminal Justice. A World Study on Conflicts. Victimization and Post-Conflict Justice, v. 2, Antwerp / Oxford 2010, p. 1000; y TAMARIT, S., “Historical Memory...”, cit., pp. 180-184. 31Vid. AGUILAR, P., RAMÍREZ, B., C., “Amnesty and Reparations without truth and Justice in Spain”,

WOUTERS, N., Transitional Justice and Memory in Europe (1945-2013), Cambridge, Antwerp, Portland 2014, p. 212.32Vid.

LANDA, G., J., “Bases para la puesta en marcha de una Comisión de la Verdad en Euskadi”, Dirección de Derechos humanos. Departamento de Justicia, empleo y seguridad social, Vitoria-Gasteiz 31 marzo 2009

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