Contenido principal del artículo

Clara Batista

en el contexto de la recuperación postconflicto de las sociedades, las reparaciones a las víctimas ocupan un espacio fundamental, esencial para la reintegración en la comunidad y para posibilitar un proceso de desarrollo. Sin embargo, las víctimas de crímenes sexuales y de género enfrentan mayores desafíos para acceder a reparaciones efectivas. Teniendo en cuenta que la Corte Penal Internacional ha sido pionera en un modelo de reparaciones capaz de superar los retos a los que se enfrentan los procesos nacionales y garantizar reparaciones efectivas para todas las víctimas, este artículo presenta un análisis del proceso de reparaciones en la Corte Penal Internacional desde la perspectiva de las reparaciones para las víctimas de crímenes sexuales y de género, centrándose en dos casos que abordan las reparaciones para las víctimas de crímenes sexuales y de género: el caso Lubanga, que estableció los principios de la Corte en materia de reparaciones; y el caso Ntaganda, que en el momento de elaboración del artículo se encuentra en fase de reparaciones y es el primer caso de la Corte que determina concretamente las reparaciones para este grupo de víctimas, con el fin de comprobar si las actuaciones llevadas a cabo hasta el momento por la Corte se ajustan a las directrices y principios dictados por el derecho internacional; y acceder a las perspectivas y retos que deberán encontrarse y afrontarse en los próximos años.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Batista, C. . (2023). Perspectivas e desafios da reparação às vítimas de crimes sexuais e gender-based: uma análise dos precedentes do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Anuario Iberoamericano De Derecho Internacional Penal, (11). https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/anidip/a.13606

Ambos, K. (2012). Sexual Offences in International Criminal Law, with a Special Focus on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. In M. Bergsmo, A. B. Skre, & E. J. Wood (Eds.), Understanding and Proving International Sex Crimes (pp. 143-173). Favor incluir Editora.

Bensouda, F. (2018). Statement “Launch of the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission of The Gambia”. https://www.icc-cpi.int/itemsDocuments/20181015-otp-stat-ENG.pdf

Decreto nº 4.488, de 25 de setembro de 2002 [Presidência da República do Brasil]. Promulga o Estatuto de Roma do Tribunal Penal Internacional. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/2002/d4388.htm

Brouwer, A M. (2007). Reparation to Victims of Sexual Violence: Possibilities at the International Criminal Court and at the Trust Fund for Victims and Their Families. Leiden Journal of International Law, 20, 207–237. Favor incluir o doi se houver

Comissão Africana de Direitos Humanos e dos Povos. (2017). The Guidelines on Combating Sexual Violence and its Consequences in Africa. Favor incluir o link do documento

Council of Europe. (1950). European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14. Favor incluir o link do documento

D’Aoust, M. A. (2017). Sexual and Gender-based Violence in International Criminal Law: A Feminist Assessment of the Bemba Case. International Criminal Law Review, 17(1), 208-221. Favor incluir o doi se houver

Hoon, M. (2020). Transitional justice. In P. Williams, & M. Sterio (Eds.), Research Handbook on Post-Conflict State Building, (pp. 162-181). Elgar Publishing.

International Criminal Court. (2013). Rules of Procedure and Evidence, ICC-ASP/1/3, R. 48. Favor incluir o link do documento

Kalla, K. (2018). Advancing Justice and Making Amends Through Reparations: Legal and Operational Considerations. In N. Cahn, xxx, xxx, & xxx (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict (pp. 253-264). Oxford University Press..

Leyh, B. M. (2020). Reparations for victims. In P. Williams, & M. Sterio (Eds.), Research Handbook on Post-Conflict State Building (pp. 228-240). Elgar Publishing.

Moffett, L. (Incluir ano). Alternative Sanctions Before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace: reflections on international law and transitional justice. Incluir Editora.

Nairobi Declaration on Women and Girls' Right to a Remedy and Reparation, adopted at the International Meeting on Women's and Girls' Right to a Remedy and Reparation, held in Nairobi from 19 to 21 March 2007. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/NAIROBI_DECLARATIONeng.pdf

Organização dos Estados Americanos. (1969). Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (“Pacto de San José de Costa Rica”).

Office Of The Prosecutor, International Criminal Court. (2014). Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/otp-policy-paper-on-sexual-and-gender-based-crimes--june-2014.pdf.

Romero, P. (2015). Os Princípios Reparatórios No Estatuto De Roma: A Reparação Coletiva Das Vítimas No Caso Lubanga [Trabalho de Curso, Fundação Getulio Vargas]. Incluir o nome do repositório ou link de acesso

The Office Of Public Counsel For Victims. (2019). Representing the Victims before the International Criminal Court: a Manual for Legal Representative (5a ed.). Office of Public Counsel for Victims (OPCV), International Criminal Court.

Tribunal Penal Internacional. (2023a). The Office of the Prosecutor launches public consultation to renew Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-based Crimes. News: Office of the Prosecutor. https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/office-prosecutor-launches-public-consultation-renew-policy-paper-sexual-and-gender-based

Tribunal Penal Internacional. (2023a). Trust Fund for Victims calls for contributions to provide reparations to victims of conflict-related sexual violence. News: Trust Fund for Victims. https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/trust-fund-victims-calls-contributions-provide-reparations-victims-conflict-related-sexual

United Nations. (2014). Guidance Note of the UN Secretary-General: Reparations for Conflict‐Related Sexual Violence. United Nations.

United Nations. (2013). Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations.. Favor incluir link do documento

United Nations. (2000). Security Council, Security Council resolution 1325 [on women and peace and security]. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f4672e.html

United Nations. (1985). General Assembly, General Assembly resolution 40/34 [on the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power]. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/victimsofcrimeandabuseofpower.aspx.

Jurisprudência

Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) - Aloeboetoe et al. Case, Reparations (Art. 63(1) American Convention on Human Rights), Inter-Am.Ct.H.R. (Ser. C) No. 15 (1994); 10 de setembro de 1993.

Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) - Massacre de Plan de Sanchez v. Guatemala Case, (Ser. C) No. 4, Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACRTHR); 19 de Novembro 2004.

Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) - Velásquez Rodríguez vs Honduras Case, (Ser. C) No. 4, Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACRTHR); 21 Julho de 1989.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, ICC-01/12-01/15, Trial Chamber VIII. Reparations Order; 17 de agosto 2017. https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2017_05117.PDF

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06 A4-A5, Appeals Chamber. Judgment on the appeals against the decision of Trial Chamber VI of 8 March 2021 entitled “Reparations Order”; 12 de setembro de 2022.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06, Appeals Chamber. Defence Notice of Appeal against the Reparations Order, ICC-01/04-02/06-2659; 8 de abril 2021a. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-02/06-2669

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06, Trial Chamber II. Decision on the Trust Fund for Victims’ Request to Vary the Time Limit to Submit Draft Implementation Plan; 23 de julho 2021b. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-02/06-2693.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06-2676-AnxA-Corr-Red 15-06-2021, Public redacted version of “Initial Draft Implementation Plan with Focus on Priority Victims”; 8 de junho de 2021c.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06. Public redacted version of “Trust Fund first progress report on the implementation of the Initial Draft Implementation Plan and Notification of Board of Director’s decision pursuant to regulation 56 of the Regulations of the Trust Fund”, submitted on 23 September 2021; 23 de julho de 2021d.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04- 02/06-2732, Public redacted version of the Annex A to"Trust Fund for Victims’ submission of Draft Implementation Plan"; 17 de dezembro de 2021e.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06, Trial Chamber IV. Reparations Order; 8 de março 2021f. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-02/06-2659.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda, ICC-01/04-02/06-2359, Trial Chamber IV. Judgment; 08 de julho de 2019.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, ICC-01/04-01/07, Trial Chamber II. Order for Reparations pursuant to Article 75 of the Statute; 24 de março de 2017. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-01/07-3728-tENG.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06-2904 Trial Chamber I. Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations; 7 de agosto de 2012a. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-01/06-2904.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06-2870, Trial Chamber I. Decision granting leave to make representations in the reparations proceedings; 20 de abril de 2012b. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-01/06-2870.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06-3129, Appeals Chamber. Judgment on the appeals against the “Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED order for reparations (Annex A) and public annexes 1 and 2; 3 de março de 2015. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo=ICC-01/04-01/06-3129.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06-3122. Judgment on the appeals of the Prosecutor and Mr Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the “Decision on Sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute”; 01 de dezembro de 2014.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06, Trial Chamber I. Redacted version of “Decision on 'indirect victims'”; 8 de abril de 2009. https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/record.aspx?uri=662407.

Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) – Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga, ICC-01/04-01/06-2901. Trial Chamber I. Decision on Sentence pursuant to Article 76 of the Statute; 13 de julho de 2012c.

Detalles del artículo