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Os casos da Corte Internacional de Justiça (cij) relacionados aos conflitos em Gaza e na Ucrânia ressaltam a complexa interação entre a responsabilização dos Estados pela guerra e pelo genocídio. No Direito Internacional, tanto a guerra quanto o genocídio são considerados “flagelos
odiosos para a humanidade”. A violência sistemática do Estado durante conflitos armados pode escalar rapidamente para atos de genocídio. Quando os Estados usam a força em legítima defesa, a guerra pode servir como cobertura
para a perpetração de genocídio. Simultaneamente, genocídio em meio
à guerra pode ser interpretado erroneamente como meras baixas de guerra ou pequenos crimes de guerra. Assim, determinar a responsabilidade do Estado pelo genocídio torna-se mais desafiador durante conflitos do que em tempos de paz. Além disso, é complicado estabelecer a responsabilização do Estado por violações das normas que regem conflitos armados sob
a sombra de alegações de genocídio. Uma interpretação ampla da Convenção sobre Genocídio é essencial para ampliar a jurisdição da cij sobre essas questões. Ainda, quando o genocídio ocorre durante a guerra, pode violar
simultaneamente os princípios do jus ad bellum, jus in bello e do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, o que dificulta a determinação dos
marcos legais aplicáveis.

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