Contenido principal del artículo

Pablo Acosta
Noël Muller
Miguel Sarzosa

Investigaciones existentes en países desarrollados muestran que personas con mayores niveles de habilidades cognitivas y socioemocionales obtienen mejores resultados en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, se desconoce si esos hallazgos se pueden extrapolar a países de medianos y bajos ingresos. En este documento, exploramos cómo las habilidades cognitivas y socioemocionales en adultos colombianos (edad entre 15 y 64) se relacionan con sus condiciones laborales. Controlando por números factores distorsionantes en una encuesta transversal, encontramos que adultos con altos niveles de habilidades obtienen mejores resultados en el mercado laboral. Las habilidades cognitivas y socioemocionales se asocian con diferentes indicadores. Adultos con mayores niveles de habilidades cognitivas tienen mejores trabajos (con salarios más altos, formales y mas proclives a ser trabajos altamente cualificados) y son más propensos a completar su educación terciaria. Las habilidades socioemocionales se relacionan, aunque en menor medida, con tener un mejor trabajo. No obstante, se vinculan estrechamente con la probabilidad de ser activo en el mercado laboral y con la probabilidad de completar su educación terciaria. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los adultos colombianos con mayores niveles de habilidades cognitivas y socioemocionales logran mejores resultados en el mercado laboral y que intervenciones de política que faciliten el desarrollo de ambos tipos de habilidades podrían tener consecuencias positivas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Acosta, P., Muller, N., & Sarzosa, M. (2020). Las habilidades cognitivas y socioemocionales de los adultos y sus resultados en el mercado laboral en Colombia. Revista De Economía Del Rosario, 23(1), 109-148. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.8628

Miguel Sarzosa

Purdue University

Acosta, P. A., and N. Muller. 2018. “The Role of Cognitive and Socioemotional Skills in Labor Markets.” IZA World of Labor 453.

Almlund, M., A. L. Duckworth, J. J. Heckman, and T. Kautz. 2011. “Personality Psychology and Economics.” In Handbook of the Economics of Education Vol. 4, ed. E. A. Hanushek. Amsterdam: North Holland.

Bartholomew D., M. Knott, and I. Moustaki. 2011. Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis: A Unified Approach, 3rd ed., Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. West Sussex, UK: Wiley.

Bassi, M., M. Busso, S. Urzúa, and J. F. Vargas. 2012. Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.

Berniell, L., D. De la Mata, R. Bernal, A. Camacho, F. Barrera-

Osorio, F. Álvarez, P. Brassiolo, J. F. Vargas. (2016). More Skills for Work and Life: The contributions of Families, Schools, Jobs, and the Social Environment. Bogota: Development Bank of Latin America (CAF).

Cameron, S., and J. J. Heckman. 2001. “The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males.” Journal of Political Economy 109 (3): 455–99.

Carneiro, P., C. Crawford, and A. Goodman. 2007. “The Impact of Early Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills on Later Outcomes.” CEE DP 92. Centre for the Economics of Education, London School of Economics, London.

Carneiro, P., K. Hansen, and J. J. Heckman. 2003. ‘‘Estimating Distributions of Treatment Effects with an Application to the Returns to Schooling and Measurement of the Effects of Uncertainty on College Choice.’’ International Economic Review 44 (2): 361–422.

Cawley, J., J. J. Heckman, and E. Vytlacil. 2001. “Three Observations on Wages and Measured Cognitive Ability.” Labour Economics 8: 419–42.

Cobb-Clark, D. A., and M. Tan. 2011. “Noncognitive Skills, Occupational Attainment, and Relative Wages.” Labour Economics 18 (1): 1–13.

Cunningham, W., M. Parra Torrado, and M. Sarzosa. 2016. “Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills for the Peruvian Labor Market: Addressing Measurement Error through Latent Skills Estimations.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7550. World Bank, Washington, DC.

Cunningham, W., and P. Villaseñor. 2016. “Employer Voices, Employer Demands, and Implications for Public Skills Development Policy Connecting the Labor and Education Sectors.” World Bank Research Observer 31 (1): 102–34.

Deming, D. J. 2017. “The Growing Importance of Social Skills in The Labor Market.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 132(4): 1593–1640.

Dodge, K. A. 2003. “Do Social Information Processing Patterns Mediate Aggressive Behavior? In Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency, ”ed. B. B. Lahey, T. E. Moffitt, and A. Caspi. New York: Guilford Press.

Duckworth, A., C. Peterson, M. Matthews, and D. Kelly. 2007. “Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long Term Goals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92 (6): 1087–101.

ETS (Educational Testing Services). 2014. A Guide to Understanding the Literacy Assessment of the STEP Skills Measurement Survey. Princeton, NJ: IEA-ETS Research Institute.

Frühwirth-Schnatter, S. 2006. “Finite Mixture and Markov Switching Models.” Psychometrika 74 (3): 559–560.

Gertler, P., J. J. Heckman, R. Pinto, A. Zanolini, S. Walker, and S. Grantham-McGregor. 2014. “Labor Market Returns to an Early Childhood Stimulation Intervention in Jamaica.” Science 344 (6187): 998–1001.

Glewwe, P., Q. Huang, and A. Park. 2017. “Cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, and school-to-work transitions in rural China.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 134: 141–164.

Hanushek, E. A., G. Schwerdt, S. Wiederhold, and L. Woessmann. 2015. "Returns to Skills around the World: Evidence from PIAAC." European Economic Review 73 (2015): 103–130.

______. 2017. “Coping with change: International differences in the returns to skills.” Economics Letters 153: 15–19.

Hansen, K. T., J. J. Heckman, and K. J. Mullen. 2004. “The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores.” Journal of Econometrics 121 (1–2): 39–98.

Heckman, J. J., and S. Mosso. 2014. “The Economics of Human Development and Social Mobility.” Annual Review of Economics 6: 689–733.

Heckman, J. J., R. Pinto, and P. Savelyev. 2013. “Understanding the mechanisms through which an influential early childhood program boosted adult outcomes.” American Economic Review 103(6): 2052–2086.

Heckman, J. J., J. Stixrud, and S. Urzúa. 2006. “The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior.” Journal of Labor Economics 24 (3): 411–82.

Heineck, G. 2011. “Does It Pay to Be Nice? Personality and Earnings in the U.K.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 64 (5): 1020–38.

Heineck, G., and S. Anger. 2010. “The Returns to Cognitive Abilities and Personality Traits in Germany.” Labour Economics 17 (3): 535–46.

John, O. P., and S. Srivastava. 1999. “The Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement and Theoretical Perspectives.” In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, ed. L. A. Pervin and O. P. John. New York: Guilford Press.

Judd, K. L. 1998. “Numerical Methods in Economics.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 25 (8): 1263–71.

Keane, M. P., and K. I. Wolpin. 1997. “The Career Decisions of Young Men.” Journal of Political Economy 105 (3): 473–522.

Kotlarski, I. (1967). “On Characterizing the Gamma and the Normal Distribution”. Pacific Journal of Mathematics. 20(1):69–76.

Laajaj, R., and K. Macours. 2018. “Measuring Skills in Developing Countries.” CEPR Discussion Paper 13271. London, UK: Centre for Economic Policy Research.

Laajaj, R., K. Macours, D. A. Pinzón Hernández, O. Arias, S. Gosling, J. Potter, M. Rubio-Codina, and R. Vakis. 2019. "Challenges to Capture the Big Five Personality Traits in non-WEIRD populations." Science Advances 5(7): eaaw5226.

Lindqvist, E., and R. Vestman. 2011. “The Labor Market Returns to Cognitive and Noncognitive Ability: Evidence from the Swedish Enlistment.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 (1): 101–28.

Mann, L., P. Burnett, M. Radford, and S. Ford. 1997. “The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire: An Instrument for Measuring Patterns for Coping with Decisional Conflict.” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 10 (1): 1–19.

Mincer, J. 1958. "Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution." Journal of Political Economy. 66 (4): 281–302.

Nordman, C. J., L. R. Sarr, and S. Sharma. 2019. “Skills, personality traits, and gender wage gaps: evidence from Bangladesh.” Oxford Economic Papers 71(3): 687–708.

Nyhus, E. K., and E. Pons. 2005. “The Effects of Personality on Earnings.” Journal of Economic Psychology 26: 363–84.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development). 2013. Technical Report of the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). Paris: OECD.

______. 2015. Skills for Social Progress: The Power of Social and Emotional Skills, OECD Skills Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Pierre, G., M. L. Sánchez Puerta, A. Valerio, and T. Rajadel. 2014. “STEP Skills Measurement Surveys: Innovative Tools for Assessing Skills.” Social Protection and Labor Discussion Paper 1421. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Rubio-Codina, M., O. P. Attanasio, C. Meghir, N. Varela, and S. Grantham-McGregor. 2015. “The Socio-economic Gradient of Child Development: Cross-Sectional Evidence from Children 6–42 Months in Bogota.” Journal of Human Resources 50(2): 464–48.

Saltiel, F., M. Sarzosa, and S. Urzúa. 2017. “Cognitive and socio-emotional abilities.” In G. Jones, J. Johnes, T. Agasisti, and L. Lopez Torres (Eds.). Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Sahn, D. E., and K. M. Villa. 2016. “Labor Outcomes during the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood: The Role of Personality, Cognition, and Shocks in Madagascar.” IZA Discussion Paper 0359. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn.

Sarzosa, M., and S. Urzúa. 2016. “Implementing factor models for unobserved heterogeneity in Stata: The heterofactor command.” Stata Journal 16(1): 197–228.

Von Davier, M., E. Gonzalez, and R. Mislevy. 2009. “What Are Plausible Values and Why Are They Useful?” In IERI Monograph Series: Issues and Methodologies in Large Scale Assessments, 2, ed. M. von Davier and D. Hastedt. Princeton, NJ: IEA-ETS Research Institute.

Willis, R. J., and S. Rosen. 1979. “Education and self-selection.” Journal of Political Economy 87(5): S7–S36.

Detalles del artículo