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Ivonne Duarte Peña

La dimensión internacional de la democratización representa un fenómeno importante de los sistemas políticos contemporáneos. El hecho de que la transformación política interna sea incluida bajo el título de organizaciones internacionales (OI) indica un rompimiento con el enfoque tradicional de observación interna de la política comparativa, si se parte de la suposición de que la “democracia” es un asunto interno por excelencia. Hay procesos complejos que limitan la viabilidad de la fortuna democrática en la política interior, los cuales dependen de las estructuras representativas del poder que fluye de la legitimidad nacional y la identidad política. No obstante, los estímulos internacionales que sostienen a los sistemas nacionales de gobierno, estructurados alrededor de la construcción y la consolidación de la democracia, están en el centro de la política comparativa contemporánea. Cuando varios sistemas políticos atravesaban la tercera ola de democratización, las OI asumieron rápidamente una posición significativa como agentes que neutralizaban los miedos a la inversión de políticas, rompiendo lazos con formas antidemocráticas de gobierno y eliminando las normas informales de los juegos democráticos. Las dinámicas mencionadas dan fundamento para abordar el debate sobre los modelos externos de apoyo. Mediante un enfoque teórico integrador y un estudio comparativo de casos de las agendas de democratización de la Organización de Estados Americanos y las Naciones Unidas dirigidas a la problemática democrática latinoamericana, se aclaran modelos internacionales “ocultos” de despliegue. Se argumenta que las estrategias de las OI para democratizar se fundamentan en que los planes de desarrollo institucionales para la democratización lleguen a los objetivos democráticos a través de tres “guías” multilaterales: conceptualización de la democracia, estrategias de cooperación y marcos de referencia especiales para la democratización.

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Duarte Peña, I. (2010). Organizaciones internacionales: de actores silenciosos a sobresalientes al traer la democracia “a casa”. Desafíos, 17, 31-75. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.urosario.edu.co/index.php/desafios/article/view/612

Ivonne Duarte Peña

Research Analyst based at the London School of Economics & Political Science. London, United Kingdom MSc in Comparative Politics, LSE. B.A. in International Relations, Universidad del Rosario. B.A. in Political Science, Universidad del Rosario.

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List of interviews

Dunne, S. Political Affairs officer, UN Electoral Assistant Division. UN, New York, 23rd June 2006.

Griner, S. Senior Specialist, DPD. OAS. Washington D.C. 21st June, 2007. Spehar, E. Executive Director, DPD. OAS. Washington D.C. 22nd June, 2007.

Zuniga, P. Senior Specialist, DPD. OAS. Washington D.C. 22nd June, 2007.

Morrice, A. Consultant, former Electoral Adviser, UNAMSIL. UN, New York, 27th June 2006.

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